304 Lxxiii. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND hiern). [Grangea. 



15. GRANGEA, Adans. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 261. 



Capitula heterogamous disciform; outer florets 1-oo-seriate $, 

 disk-fl. 00 5 • Involucre at first hemispherical, scales pauciseriate 

 nearly equal, inner with membranous margins. Receptacle convex or 

 conical naked. Corolla of $ fl. narrow-tubular, mouth toothed 

 2-4-fid ; of ^ fl. campanulate, ^-S-fid narrowed into slender tube. 

 Anther-base obtuse. Style-branches with short deltoid appendix. 

 Achenes subterete or but slightly compressed, with or without a 

 distinct cartilaginous apex, equalling or narrower than the ovary in 

 diameter, bordered by the minute free subpaleacepus teeth of the 

 pappus. — Erect or decumbent more or less hairy herb. Leaves alter- 

 nate pinnatifid. Capitula yellow of medium-size, terminal or leaf- 

 opposed. 



Regarding the thickening of the roof of the ovary and number of ? florets as 

 variable characters, we have been induced to treat all the forms known to us as conspe- 

 cific, notwithstanding their distribution under three subgeneric sections by De Can- 

 doUe. Distributed all over Egypt and parts of Asia. 



1. G>. maderaspatana, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. p. 825. Pro- 

 cumbent, or ascending, branching, often freely from the crown, hirsute 

 herb, varying from a few inches to a foot or more. Leaves obovate 

 pinnatifid winged to the sessile base, -^3 in. long, lobes oblong or 

 obovate obtuse entire or toothed. Capitula :J— J in. diameter, solitary 

 or 2-3 together, terminal or leaf-opposed on peduncles of ^1 in. In- 

 volucral scales oval obtuse pubescent or hirsute. — Cotula Sphceranthus^ 

 Link Enum. PI. ii. 344 ; Grangea Sphceranthus, C. Koch in Bot. Zeit. 

 i. 41 (1843). 



De Candolle (Prod. v. 373) maintains as specifically (and sub- 

 generically) distinct three forms, which we have been induced to regard 

 as modifications of one species, differing in the relative proportion of 

 pistillate and hermaphrodite florets and in the development of a cellular 

 thickening to the roof of the ovary, which he (De Candolle) regarded 

 as a process of the achene and Cassini as consolidated fleshy pappus. 

 These principal forms are {G. maderaspatana) pistillate florets oo - 

 seriate, apex of achene thickened, equal in diameter to ovary ; (G. 

 mgyptiaca, DC. I.e.) regarded as an undoubted form of G. maderaspatana^ 

 by Steetz, thickened apex of achene more or less constricted ; {G. cerU' 

 anoides, Cass., G. procumbens, DC.) apex of achene not or but slightly 

 thickened, and ray-florets 2-seriate. 



Upper Guinea. Senegambia, DoUinger ! and others ((r. procumbens and G. 

 eeruanoides) ; Nigritania, Barter.' (G. ceriuinoides). 



Wile land. Senaar, Kotschy! and by Nile 14-15° N.L., Speke and Grant! 

 (near G. eeruanoides); Khartoum, Petherick! Bongo-land, Schweinfurth ! 



Slower Guinea. Congo, Chr. Smith! Burton! Loango, Soyaux! 



Mozamb. Sistr. Zambesia and elsewhere, Dr. Peters. 



16. CERU AN A, Forsk. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 261. 



Capitula heterogamous disciform many-flowered ; outer florets 9 

 2-3-seriate, disk § . Involucre hemispherical, scales 2-3-seriate, her- 



