Amhroda.'] Lxxiii. coMPOSiTiE (oliver and hiern). 371 



15-20-flowered, in dense spikes, male at the top and oft^n female 

 below, arranged in a pyramidal or corymbose terminal panicle, leafy at 

 least below. Male involucres crenate, shortly hemispherical, hispid 

 with up-corved scattered hairs ; fruiting involucre somewhat turbinate 

 and angular, with 4-6 horns at the top. 



Srile lAnd. From Sennaar northwards. 



Widely spread throughout the Mediterranean region. 



2. A. senegralensls, DG. Prodr. v. p. 525. Differs from the 

 preceding species by a more slender habit, less hairy apd less hoary 

 surface, and by its less dense spikes. 



Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Eoger ! Niger, Barter ! St. Thomas, G. Don. 

 irorth Central. Bornu, E. Vogel ! 

 Mozamb. Bistr. Moramballa', Kirk! 



Perhaps, as De Candolle suggests, and as Bojssier, Fl. Orient, iii. p. 252, has 

 concluded, this is only a variety ot A. maritima, Linn. 



54. XANTHIUM, L. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 355. 



Capitula unisexual, monoecious; staminate globose, in terminal 

 clusters; pistillate 2-flowered, chiefly axillary. Male capitula with 

 few narrow involucral bracts ; florets numerous, sheathed by folded 

 hyaline palese ; corolla 5-toothed ; anthers free or nearly so, base 

 obtuse. Female capitula with an ellipsoidal or ovoid closed gamo- 

 phyllous aculeate involucre, 2-locellate and 2-rostrate ; corolla ; 

 achenes solitary in each cell of the indurated prickly enclosing invo- 

 lucre. —Coarse scabrid hoary or glabrate annuals, with alternate 

 petiolate palmately lobed leaves. 



A small weedy genus -widely spread in warm countries. 



1. X. strumarium, Linn. 8p. PI. edit. i. p. 987. Stem branches 

 and leaves puberulous, without spines, altogether 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 

 deltoid, 3-5-lobate, unequally often coarsely dentate, 1-6 in. broad, 

 base 3-nerved, cordate, sinus wide, cuneate into the petiole of -^-5 in. 

 Capitula nearly sessile, clustered ; fruit ellipsoidal, about ^ in. long, 

 terminating in an erect or somewhat curved beak. — X. antiquorum, 

 Wallr. Beitr. Bot. part ii. p. 229 (ex descript.). X ahyssinicum, 

 Wallr. I.e. p. 230. X. hrevirostre, Hochst. in Hb. Schimp. Abyss, iii. 

 n. 1968. 



Xrile &and. Sennaar, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Schimpcr .' Quartin Dillon, Petit. 



A variable plant, widely diffused especially in the warmer regions of the northern 

 hemisphere. 



55. SIGESBECKIA, L. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 859. 



Capitula heterogamous, yellow; ray- florets 1-seriatc, inconspicuous. 

 Involucral bracts usually 3-5, oblong or linear-spathulate; palcit erect, 

 concave clasping the florets. Ray-florets with a small broadly ligiilate 

 or somewhat campanulate toothed limb; corolla of disk-florets tubular 

 with 3-5-dentate campanulate limb. Anther-base entire. Aehene^s 

 oblong-obovoid, usually incurved, obtuse ; pappus 0.— Erect herbs with 



