Echinopi^.'i LXXIII. COMPOSITiE (OLIVER AND HIERN). 433 



subsessile, lobes mostly lanceolate deeply toothed, teeth tenninatin^ in 

 long spinous points ; uppermost leaves elliptical, deeply toothed, 

 smaller. Heads (in fruit) ranging up to 1^ in. long, numerous, in a 

 globose head up to about 3^ in. diam. Outer setaceous bracts not 

 exceeding | in. Inner involucral bracts about 15, lanceolate or spa- 

 thulate, many fasciculate-spinous from a knot near the tip ; the inner- 

 most bracts connate. Achenes glabrescent near the apex. Pappus of 

 numerous contiguous ciliate narrow unequal scales, connate below into 

 a short tube. 



irile Iiand. Abyssinia, Kouaieta and Semiene, Q. Dillon ! 



8. S. chameecephalus, Hochst. in Herh. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 

 914. Stem 6-8 in. high or very short, simple or branched at the crown 

 of the root, terete, leafy. Leaves bipinnatisect, obovate, setose-hispid 

 on the short dilated petiole and stout rachis, as well as the peduncles, 

 strigose-hispid above, white-tomentose beneath, ranging up to about 

 a foot long, primary lobes numerous, with few linear tapering seg- 

 ments terminating in a strong spinous point, the terminal segment 

 being the longest ; margins much revolute. Heads J-1^ in. long, veiy 

 numerous, crowded into a nubglobose or spheroidal cluster 1-^-2^ in. 

 thick, on a peduncle ranging from 1 in. to nearly a foot long. Outer 

 setaceous bracts silky, about ^-^ in. long. Inner involucral bracts 

 spathulate or linear, about 16, more or less apiculate, some fasciculate- 

 spinous at the tip ; the innermost connate more than half way. Achenes 

 appressedly setulose. Pappus of many adjacent unequal setaceous 

 ciliate scales, which overtop the hairs on the achene and are connate 

 at base into a short tube. — A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 448. 



Vile Xiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! 



97. CARDUUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 467. 



Capitula heterogamous, florets equal and hermaphrodite (or all 1- 

 sexual in dioecious species). Involucre globose or ovoid, of numerous 

 Qo-seriate imbricate more or less spinescent bracts. Receptacle densely 

 setose. Pappus of numerous pauci- or multiseriate simple serrulate or 

 barbellate setee, cohering at the base in a narrow annulus, at length 

 separating from the achene. — Erect or more rarely acaulescent herbs 

 with alternate often decurrent usually spinescent pinnately lobed or 

 sinuate leaves, and terminal solitary or congested often large purple 

 rose or white capitula. 

 A large genus chiefly of the N. temperate zone of the Old World. 

 Stem tall. Involucral bracts with spreading spinous tips 1. C. leptacanthus. 

 Acaulescent. Involucral bracts erect. 



Spinous tips of involucral bracts rather 1 mg . . . . 2. C. cham(pcephaUcs. 

 Spinous tips of involucral bracts very short .... 3. C. Schimperi. 



1. C. leptacanthus, Fresen. in Mus. Senchenh. iii. p. 70 (1830). 

 Stem erect, branched or simple, 2-^12 ft. high, terete, striate, pubern- 

 lous, towards the apex with spinous usually interrupted wings. Lower 

 leaves on long petioles ; upper leaves elliptical or lanceolate, narrowed 



VOL. III. 



