232 CLiv. EEiocAULE^ (brown). [Uriocatdoti. 



North Asia, China, Japan, and North America, one species in the British Isles, other- 

 wise absent from Europe. 



In using the following key to the species actual measurements must be made, 

 they cannot be guessed ; and it is necessary to be quite certain that the female 

 flower under examination is perfect, because the sepals in some of the species are 

 most easily detached ; also, in some of the species, the two lateral sepals are large and 

 conspicuous, whilst the third sepal is very slender and sometimes clings to the petals, 

 therefore being easily overlooked; hence it requires great care in many cases to make 

 sure of the correct number of sepals ; the number of petals, however, in most cases, 

 corresponds with the number of the sepals. 



Involucral-bracts (at least in the younger heads) spread- 

 ing and radiating beyond the flowering part of the 

 heads; female flowers with 3 sepals and 3 petals. 

 (See also 30, E. Schlechteri, in which they are said 

 to be slightly longer than the flowers, but are not 

 described as radiating.) 

 Involucral-bracts always radiating; peduncles 1-2| 

 in. long. 

 Involucre 1-2 lin. in diam. ; receptacle glabrous . 2. IE. pumilum. 

 Involucre 2^-4 lin. in diam. ; receptacle densely 



pilose . . . . . . . Z. E. xeranthemoides. 



Involucral-bracts radiating in the younger heads, 

 afterwards reflexed against the peduncle and 

 partly hidden by the flowers ; peduncles 5-8 in. 

 long ........ 28. E. infaustum. 



Involucral-bracts never radiately spreading beyond the 

 flowering part of the head. (In 1, E. longipeta- 

 lum, erect, forming a campanulate cup slightly 

 exceeding the disk.) 

 Female flowers without petals and sometimes without 

 sepals also ; leaves \-^ lin. broad, linear, tapering 

 to a very fine point or almost capillary. 

 Heads pale brown ; sepals of the female flowers 

 entirely absent or 2 and filiform, placed at 

 the middle of pedicel . . . . .36. E. Heudelotii. 



Heads dark chestnut or blackish ; sepak of the 

 female flowers 2, linear-lanceolate, acute, placed 

 close under the ovary ; sepals of the male 

 flowers free . . • . . • . . . 37. E. amhoense. 



Heads pale brown ? sepals of the female flowers 

 unequal, narrowly linear ; sepals of the male 

 flowers connate . . . . . . 38. ^. Stuhlmanni. 



Female flowers with sepals and petals always present. 

 Female flowers with 2 sepals and 2 petals. (See 

 also 34, E. gilgianum, of which the number of 

 sepals and petals is not staged.) 

 A very small annual, \-\ in. high ; peduncles not 

 longer than the leaves; one of the petals 

 very much longer than the rest and pro- 

 truded much beyond the sepals . . . \. E, longipetaJwm. 

 Plant 1-4^ in. high ; peduncles 2-6 times as long 



as the leaves ; petals equal or subequal . . 33. E. mutatum. 



Female flowers with 2 sepals and 3 petals : sepals of 

 the male flowers very different from those of 

 the females. 



