370 CLVi. CYPERACEiE (clarke). [Cyj^erus. 



ashy-black. Style J the length of the nut; branches 3, linear, small. 

 — Kunth, Enum. ii. 71 ; Boeck. in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 542, 

 in Linnsea, xxxvi. 317, and in Flora, 1879, 555; Schweinf. PI. Nilot. 

 41, and Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 215; G. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. 

 Ind. vi. 617, and in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 573; 

 Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 142 ; K. Schum. in Engl. 

 Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 121 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 292 ; 

 Urban, Symb. Antill. ii. 23, 35 ; Rendle in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. ii. 

 119. C. biceps, Vahl, Enum. ii. 368. C. semidives, Steud. Syn. PI. 

 Glum. ii. 36. 



Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sieher 1 Lelievre ! Senegambia, Hendelot, 522 ! 

 Galam, Heudelot, 211 ! Gambia, Mungo Parle ! Niger Territory : River Niger, 

 Baikie ! Nupe, Barter, 1127 ! Lukuja, at the Confluence of the Niger and Benue 

 Rivers, Dalton I Bornu, Oudney, 6 ! Cameroons, Biichholz ! 



la'iie ILand. Nubia : Dongola, Ehrenherg I Ethiopia, Kotschy, 416 ! Sennar, 

 Kotschy, 213 ! Harpmann ! British East Africa : White Nile ; PethericJc ! Bongo ; 

 XM2JL,Schweinfurth, 1428! Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1579 I Wan River, 

 Schweinfurth, 1631 ! 



lower Guinea. Lower Congo : among the rocks of the rapids of Ntamo, 

 Stanley Pool, Hens, B, 11 ! Luja, 68 ! and without precise locality. Smith! Angola: 

 Icolo e Bengo ; banks of a lake near Folo, Welwitsch, 7030 ! Barra do Dande ; by 

 a lake near Bombo, Welwitsch, 7036 ! 



Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lusambo, Duchesne, 19 ! Monbuttu ; 

 Kibali River, Schweinf urth, 3571 ! 



Mozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Peters, 8 ! Lower 

 Zambesi, Stewart, Expedition Island, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; 

 Elephant marsh in the Shire Valley, below Mbewe, Scott! Umbaku River, Scott ! 



Widely diffused in Madagascar, South-east Asia and Tropical America. 



110. C. exaltatus, Retz. Obs. v. 11. Stems often 3-4 ft. high. 

 Spikes (some of them) peduncled. Spikelets rather larger, in longer 

 spikes, less crowded (but see var. dives), more strongly coloured, often 

 yellowish or reddish ; otherwise as C. radiatus, Vahl. — Kunth, Enum. 

 ii. 70 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 551 ; Boeck. in Linnsea, xxxvi. 319 ; 

 0. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 617, and in Durand <fe 

 Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 560; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 

 121. C. racemosus, Boeck. in Flora, 1879, 555, not of Boeck. in 

 Linnsea, xxxvi. 310. G. ornithopioides, Zarb in Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 

 39. 



Wile iLand. Kordofan : Sagattur, P/wwc?, 228 ! 611! British East Africa: 

 Jur; Kurshook Ali's Seriba, Schweinfurth, 1764! Ribe, near Mombasa, Wake- 

 field! 



laower Crulnea. Island of St. Thomas, Don / 



Abundant in South-east Asia and Australia. Also in the Mascarenc Islands, 

 Mexico and Brazil. 



This species is hardly distinguishable from well-developed examples of 

 C, radiatus. The line is drawn here by defining C. radiatus as having all the 

 spikes sessile. 



Var. dives, C. B. Clarke in Journ, Linn. Soc. xxi. 187. Umbel rigid. Spikes 

 rigid, dense, liipe spikelets divaricate or reflexed, hard, often shining and yellowish. 



