ASTRINGENTS. 295 



A good common aperient, when the liver is sluggish : 

 13.— PodophyJIin, t grain. 



Compound extract of colocynth, 12 to 18 grains. 

 Powdered rhubarb, 3 to 5 grains. 

 Oil of cloves, 2 drops. 



Mix, and give as a bolus to a large strong dog, or divide into two or 

 three for smaller dogs. 



Very strong purgative when there is an obstruction : 

 14.— Croton oil, 1 to 2 drops. 



Purified opium, 1 to 2 grains. 

 Linseed meal, 10 grains. 

 Mix the raeal with boihng water into a thick paste, then add the oil and 

 spices, and give as a bolus. 



Ordinary castor oil mixture : 



15. — Castor oil, 3 ounces. 



Syrup of buckthorn, 2 ounces. 

 Syrup of poppies, 1 ounce. 

 Mix, and give a tablespoonful to a medium-sized dog. 

 Very strong purgative mixture : 

 16. — Jalap, 10 grains. 



Epsom salts, 2 drachms. 

 Subcarbonate of soda, 10 grains. 

 Infusion of senna, 1 ounce. 

 Tincture of senna, 2 drachms. 

 Tincture of ginger, 15 drops. 

 Mix, and give as a drench. For a small dog, give one half, one third, or 

 one quarter, according to size. 



A purgative clyster : 



17. — Castor oil, i ounce. 



Spirits of turpentine, 2 to 3 drachmae 

 Common salt, i ounce. 

 Gruel, 6 to 8 ounces. 

 Mix all together, and inject carefully per anum. 



ASTRINGENTS. 



Astringents produce contraction in all living tissues with which 

 they are placed in apposition, either directly or by means of ab- 

 sorption in the circulation. Of these, opium, gallic acid, alum, 



