WORMS. 355 



flent, are marked with intervening lines from its absence. The 

 faeces are passed frequently and in small quantities, the separate 

 passage of a small quantity of mucus each time being particularly 

 indicative of worms. The spirits are dull, the nose hot and dry 

 and the breath offensive. These signs are only present to the full 

 extent when the dog is troubled with tape-worm, or with the 

 round-worm in large quantities; the maw-worm being only 

 slightly injurious in comparison with the others, and rarely bemg 

 attended with all of these symptoms. The kidney-worm has no 

 effect upon the intestinal secretions, but it produces bloody urine, 

 more or less mixed with pus. Still, as this is often present with- 

 out the worm, it is impossible to predict its existence during life, 

 with any degree of certainty. When worms are suspected, in 

 order to distinguish the species, it is better to give a dose of calomel 

 and jalap (16), unless the dog is very weakly, when the areca nut 

 may be sustituted (65). Then, by watching the faeces, the particu- 

 lar worm may be detected and the treatment altered accordingly. 



The expulsion of the worms is the proper method of treatment 

 in all cases, taking care afterwards to prevent their regeneration, 

 by strengthening the system, and by occasional doses of the medi- 

 cine suited to remove the worm in question. All vermifuges act 

 as poison to the worms themselves, or as mechanical irritants; the 

 former including the bulk of these medicines, and the latter pow- 

 dered glass and tin as well as cowhage. These poisons are all more 

 or less injurious to the dog, and in spite of every precaution fatal 

 results will occur after most of them ; even the areca nut, innocent 

 as it is said to be, has occasionally nearly destroyed valuable dogs 

 tinder careful superintendence. 



The following is a list of remedies for the various worms : — For 

 round and maw- worms: Betel nut {Nux areca). Stinking helle- 

 bore \Helleborus fcetidibs). Indian pink {Spigelia Marylandica). 

 Calomel {Hydrargyri chloHdum). Wormwood {Artemisia Absin- 

 thium). Santonine, the active principle of wormseed {Arte' 

 misia contra), Cowhage {Mucuna prwiens). Powdered tin and 

 glass. 



For tape-worm: Spirits of turpentine {Spiriius teredinthince) 



