14 



of Ludhiana writes : " The district bullock is quite a useful animal 

 but neither so efficient nor so much valued as the imported stock. 

 The extent of importation is determined simply by the money 

 available, Jf a zamindar can afford it he will always use 

 Hissar bullocks. Jf he is really well off he will make a hobby 

 of good foreign stock. As all tehsils are very prosperous, the 

 import trade is large." These remarks are of general application 

 to all the districts of the Central Punjab. Other reasons for 

 importation in these districts have already been touched on. 

 With the spread of cultivation and the development of the Canal 

 < System the Man jha breed of the Lahore and Amritsar districts 



has disappeared as a distinct type. The Karnal and Delhi 

 districts have suffered in a similar manner. In the densely 

 populated submontane tracts of Sialkot, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur 

 and Ambala conditions have never been favourable to cattle- 

 breeding. The Hoshiarpur report notes that in the Dasuya tahsil 

 of Hoshiarpnr the death rate of cattle is heavy owing to the 

 climate and the hard work in the rice fields, and the charsa wells 

 of Jullundur require a more powerful bullock than is produced 

 / locally. In the Bar tracts of Montgomery, Gujranwala and Gujrat 

 the local breed, though famous for its milch cattle, was never of a 

 type to supply the demands of canal-irrigated cultivation even if 

 the numbers had been sufficient. The colonists of Lyallpur had 

 therefore no option but to import their cattle from their old 

 districts. The addition to the Bar cattle was briefly of the Desi 

 (or Central Punjab mixed breed) with a good sprinkling of Hissar 

 and some Dhanni cattle. In the Jhelum colony the importations 

 are chiefly of the Dhanni breed. The western districts Multan, 

 Muzaffargarh and the Derajat have always imported the strong 

 Sindhi bullocks to supplement the local stock of undersized 

 animals bred in the riverain tracts. 



It might have been supposed that the Shahpur and Mianwali 

 districts would have been favourable to a local breed. But though 

 the number of cattle is sufficient for local requirements and few 

 are imported, the quality of the stock is inferior. The Khushab 

 tehsil, however, exports to a certain extent and with increased 

 attention better results could be achieved, 



Of the Jhelum colony the Colonization Officer writes : " There 

 is practically no export. The only cattle that are bred for sale 

 are bred by the Janglis but they are of poor class and are not 

 exported but sold locally. Tear by year breeding for sale is 

 likely to decrease as facilities for grazing are very small and the 

 present breeding is only due to the Janglis, who formerly lived 

 chiefly by cattle, having not yet reduced their herds to the require- 

 ments of a canal-irrigated country." 



