35 



of their latest purchases from distant fairs. Many large fairfc 

 doubtless owe their origin to such small beginnings. 



Some district officers have reported that more cattle fairs are 

 required, notably in Arnbala and Rawalpindi. Before starting 

 a cattle fair it should be remembered that no amount of 

 Government assistance or even a connection with an existing 

 place of pilgrimage will create a succesful cattle fair unless a 

 demand exists for facilities in carrying on a definite class of 

 business. The warning sounds obvious, but this condition of 

 success has occasionally been overlooked, and instances are noo want- 

 ing of fairs which, though supported by Government, are languish- 

 ing through an alteration in the course of trade. It is doubtful 

 whether the cattle fair recently established at Pakpattan provides 

 for any requirements by cattle-dealers or their clients. On the other 

 hand the success of the Ha6zabad fair proves that a definite 

 demand is being supplied. The Jalalabad fair receives a larger share 

 of official patronage than those of Aboharand Muktsar, yet the busi- 

 ness at Jalalabad is declining while ~ the otber x two fairs are 

 thronged. The annual cattle fair at Sargodha has been abandoned. 

 But, as the Colonization Officer points .out, the demand for good 

 cattle in the Jhelum Colony is very considerable, and the market 

 for young stock and worn-out stock is no doubt proportionately as 

 great as in Lyallpur. 



XV. DAIRYING IN THE PUNJAB. 

 (i) The milk supply. 



In dealing with this part of the enquiry it is not proposed to 

 take into account the military grass farms and dairies in various 

 parts of the province, as they affect the total supply to a very small 

 degree. 



The supply of milk and dairy produce to civil stations is pro- 

 vided for to some extent by dairies conducted somewhat on the same 

 lines as those managed by the military authorities. Lahore, Delhi, 

 Simla and other stations can show three or four of these institu- 

 tions, generally under European supervision. 



The Settlement Officer of Delhi sends an interesting account 

 of a small dairy started three years ago for the supply of butter and 

 milk to the Cavalry Cantonment. 



It is a small affair with only 11 cows and 6 buffaloes. The 

 quantity of milk is estimated to be 60 seers daily : of which 25 

 seers is sold and the rest is used in making butter. Thirty- five seers 

 of milk yield 4 seers of cream. This cream is collected for three dayg 



