36 



and then the butter is 'formed. The daily outturn of butter is there- 

 fore about 2^ seers. 



The daily profits are : 



Bs. A. P. 



Milk sold ; 25 seers at annas 2 per seer ... ... 3 2 



Milk from which cream has been taken ; 



30 seers at pies 9 per seer ... ... 65 



Butter sold ; 2J seers afc Us. 2 per seer ... ... 5 



986 



As the quality of the milk varies and the owner and his family also 

 consume some of it, the average daily income may be put at Rs. 8. 

 The annual income thus comes to Rs. 2,920. 



Expenses are : 



Rs. A. P. Rs. 



. Rent of military grass farm ... ... ... 192 



Daily cost of (t) Bhnsa and Chari ... ... 1 8 



'12 seers gram ... ... ., 



.300 1,642 



14 seers cotton-seed 



10 seers oil-cake 



.22 seers gram husks ... 



1,834 



Profit ... 1,085 



On an average one animal has to be replaced every year. 



The arrangements for supply to civil stations are capable of 

 much extension and improvement. Properly controlled dairies 

 account for only a small proportion of the supply. The remaining 

 demand is met by cows privately kept, or from the bazaar. 



The urban milk supply is at present in the hands of Gujars. 

 in the north of the Punjab, and of Ghosis and Ahirs in the south. 

 Sixty per cent, of the Lahore milk supply is brought in by Gujars 

 who keep their cows five or six miles from the city. The corre- 

 sponding proportion in Amritsar is 40 per cent. The cows are milk- 

 ed in the morning, and the milk brought by rail or special ekkas 

 for sale in the streets, or to halwais (milk-sellers). 



The remaining Gujars live in the city or just outside it, and 

 the present arrangements are highly unsatisfactory. Sanitation is 

 entirely neglected. The cow-sheds, whether inside the city or in ita 

 immediate vicinity, are equally dirty and objectionable. Little 

 attention is paid to the quality of the fodder given to the animals. 

 T^he Gujar or Ghosi cares only for the quantity of milk he can extract. 



