6 



]y strong and united, buy bulls for the use of the village and 



j exercise great care in their selection. They generally procure a 



two year old bull calf costing from Rs, 60 to Rs. 125, the price being 



often reduced in consideration of the use to which the bull is to be 



put. No special arrangements are made for the feeding of these 



animals. They generally follow the village herds and graze with 



J them, and are allowed to bull the cows promiscuously. This 



practice gives satisfactory results provided the bulls are of good 



quality. Unfortunately for the progeny, thesa sires if not actually 



inferior at the outset, are left with the herd even when enfeebled 



by age, or suffering from disease. The people are usually too 



apathetic or powerless in the face of religious prejudice to arrange 



for the removal of inferior or worn out sires. No arrangements 



are made for keeping young male stock separate from the cows, 



and the feeble offspring of immature bulls is too often in evidence. 



In the north-western and western districts the methods of 

 breeding are somewhat different. Bulls are occasionally found 

 either belonging to Government or dedicated by Hindus common 



I to the whole village. But usually they are owned by private 

 individuals, and in parts of Ohakwal and at Dajal fees are charged 

 for services. There is no doubt that this is the only sound system 

 of cattle-breeding. But, as the Deputy Commissioner of Jhelum 

 . remarks, the people are notoriously factious, and the comparatively 

 few owners of bulls will only allow them to serve their friends' 

 cows. The bulls, and indeed all cattle, are stall fed to a much 

 greater extent than in the central and southern districts, but they 

 are given plenty of exercise, generally under supervision. Great 

 care is taken, especially in the western districts, to keep the male 



'\ stock apart from the cows and heifers. 



.... Buffalo bulls are the property of individuals and are chosen 

 with great care. Fees, usually one rupee, are charged for their 

 service. 



VI. BREEDING AND EXPORTING TRACTS. 

 (i). HAEIANA. 



The districts of Hissar and Rohtak, and Gurgaon, together 



/\ with the adjoining territory of the Phulkian States, and of Bikanir, 



\r and Jaipur, may b3 considered as constituting the Hariana tract, 



Of this country Captain Pease writes : "The whole of Hariana 



produces a number of cattle greatly in excess of requirements, 



and must be looked upon as a store from which are supplied many 



of the districts in the Punjab and North-Western Provinces, in 



which cattle-breeding has been completely pushed out by extensive 



cultivation," 



