number of bullocks and bulls in the province according to the 

 enumeration of 1908-09 was 4,247,494. Allowing for one per 

 cent, being bulls, the number of bullocks may be taken as 

 4,200,000. But we have also to allow for inefficient animals, 

 for those working at the wells, and for a considerable number used 

 for cartage and other draught work. On the other hand the male 

 buffalo is coming more and more into use in the Punjab for work 



/ in ploughs, well wheels and carts and the number of draught 

 animals may be increased by a good proportion of the male 

 buffaloes, which iu 1908-09 numbered 624,965. In the Rawalpindi 

 Division the cow and the female buffalo are frequently used as 

 i draught animals and as there are no complaints of land left 

 uncultivated and wells unworked for want of cattle, the Dumber 

 of animals required for draught purposes may be considered 

 sufficient. But the demand is only met by utilising every available 

 1 draught animal of the bovine species. Some idea of the extent 

 to which every source of supply is exploited may be gathered 

 from the fact that zamindars from the Gurdaspur district visit 



I the cattle fairs of Banana in order to buy the stunted cattle of 

 the Bagri villages bordering on Bikanir, which are despised by 

 every zamindar who can afford a better class of animal, while at 

 the last Amritsar fair in their efforts to tap new sources of supply 

 some Fakirs of the Hoshiarpur district had imported cattle from 



v the Karauli State (Rajputana). 



IV. SUPPLY OF DRAUGHT CATTLE. 



In certain parts of the Punjab, notably the unhealthy riverain 

 tracts, cattle breeding has always been attended with difficulty, 

 and it has been necessary to supplement the local stock by importa- 



\ tion. But before the spread of canal irrigation, the rest of the 

 country was selF-supporting. Each of the divisions of the province 

 maintained a distinctive breed. The Delhi territory was famous 



/ for the Hariana breed, the Manjha and Malwa tracts each produced 

 a separate type of animal, the Bar and Kachhi cattle were to be 

 found in the deserts north of the Ravi, while the northern Punjab 

 had developed characteristic varieties such as those of Dhani, 

 Potwar and Talagang. The cultivation of the western districts 

 being confined to the comparatively unhealthy tracts near the 

 great rivers developed no indigenous breed of any note, except 

 that of Dajal in the Dera Ghazi Khan district. The supply 

 of good cattle was kept up, as it is now, by importation from 

 Sindh. 



The development of the great canal system has changed the 



face of the province but in no respect has it produced more marked 



/ results than in the breeding of cattle. When canal irrigation 



