156 MIMICRY IN N. AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES 



conspicuous than the upper, being brighter in 

 colour and the black border marked with white 

 in a more striking manner. In one set of 

 Oriental species, placed by Moore in his genus 

 Salatura, the veins are heavily marked with black 

 on both surfaces, conferring a very characteristic 

 appearance, especially upon the hind wing. The 

 other set of species in which the veins are com- 

 paratively inconspicuous is placed by Moore in 

 Limnas, including L. chrysippus, perhaps the 

 commonest butterfly in the world, ranging from 

 the Cape to Hong-Kong and perhaps to Japan. 

 It is clear, however, that Africa is its ancestral 

 home ; for it is there mimicked far more exten- 

 sively than in any other country. 1 In the Malay 

 Archipelago, both Salatura and Limnas are repre- 

 sented by various forms, and in some of these 

 the tawny colouring becomes much darkened. 

 This tendency appears to be more frequent in 

 Limnas, and when both forms have darkened in 

 the same island (e. g. Java) it is probable that 

 Limnas has acted as the model for Salatura. There 

 is a close general resemblance in colouring and 

 pattern between Salatura of the Old World and 

 Anosia of the New, as also between Limnas of the 

 Old World and Tasitia of the New. Furthermore 

 the two New World species differ from each other 

 in the same points as do those of the Old. The 

 dark, white-barred apex of the fore wing, so 

 conspicuous in the Old World forms, is less 



1 Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1. c., 244. 



