194 MIMICRY IN N. AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES 



fornica and Basilarchia. Even such fleeting charac- 

 ters as the markings show the Old World 

 affinities of lorquini in the strong development 

 of the pale spot in the fore wing cell and the 

 position and form of the pale band crossing both 

 wings. It is to be noted furthermore that its 

 distribution, and especially its extension north- 

 ward, along the Pacific coast, bring lorquini into 

 closest proximity to the Old World species. 



In certain important respects the upper surface 

 pattern of L. lorquini is certainly mimetic of 

 californica : 



The conspicuous fulvous apical area of the fore 

 wing ; the yellowish tint of the band crossing both 

 wings; and, although here the interpretation is 

 less certain, the fulvous marking at the anal angle 

 of the hind wing. 



1. In the first and most important of these 

 points of superficial resemblance there is, so far 

 as my experience goes, a much greater average 

 development of the fulvous patch in specimens 

 of lorquini which enter the range of californica in 

 Oregon and California than in those which come 

 from Canada, entirely beyond the range of the 

 model. 



The close relationship between californica and 

 lorquini may incline naturalists to look on their 

 resemblance as due to affinity and not to Mimicry. 

 'It is commonly forgotten that mimicry, being 

 independent of affinity, occurs between forms of 

 all degrees of relationship, the closest as well as 



