198 MIMICRY IN N. AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES 



to the single smooth streak crossing both wings 

 in the Adelphas. In lorquini this step-like break 

 and want of continuity in direction is even more 

 pronounced. Again, the fore wing band of lor- 

 quini one of its ancestral features forms, with 

 the adjacent hind wing spot, a drawn-out zigzag 

 like a flattened-down W. By a modification in the 

 position and direction of the spots of californica 

 as compared with bredowi, it also gains the ap- 

 pearance of a very flattened W, although a far 

 less regular one than that of lorquini. The re- 

 semblance is only superficial ; for corresponding 

 spots do not occupy the upper angle of the W 

 in the two species. But the attainment of a 

 likeness by means that are different from those 

 employed in another species supports the inter- 

 pretation of the resemblance as mimetic. 



Whatever be the true interpretation of the 

 resemblances above described, it is of the utmost 

 importance and interest to study the relative 

 numbers of californica and lorquini at as many 

 different points as possible in their common 

 range, to observe how far they fly together and 

 present the same appearance on the wing and at 

 rest from a little distance, and to test their relative 

 palatability on a variety of insect-eating animals 

 found in the same area. 



The following general considerations support 

 the conclusion that californica is not an ancient 

 element in the Pacific fauna of North America, 

 but a comparatively recent intruder from the 



