CHIEF CONCLUSIONS SUMMED UP 207 



21. The close resemblance between the three 

 mimicking species cannot be entirely explained 

 by their convergence upon a single model, but 

 seems to imply the existence of Secondary Mimi- 

 cry between them. 



22. Limenitis astyanax has arisen as a very 

 recent modification of arthemis in Mimicry of 

 philenor, and especially in Secondary Mimicry 

 of the three Papilio mimics. 



23. The female of Argynnis (Semnopsyclie) diana 

 has arisen as a tertiary mimic, on the upper sur- 

 face, of L. astyanaoc. Its under surface, incon- 

 spicuous when contrasted with that of the male, 

 suggests that the species is palatable as compared 

 with the rest of this combination and that its 

 Mimicry is Batesian. 



24. The dark ground and pale markings of the 

 female diana are probably analogous with those 

 of other dark female forms in Argynnidae, while 

 the blue colouring is an additional feature of 

 purely mimetic significance. 



25. The arrangement of the North American 

 butterflies which converge on Pharm. philenor, 

 in concentric rings each mimetic of that lying 

 within it, strongly supports a Mlillerian interpre- 

 tation of all except the species (diana) in the outer- 

 most layer. 



26. Limenitis (Adelpha) californica of the Pacific 

 coast is probably a Limenitis mimic of the South 

 American genus Adelpha, to which its southern 

 sub-species bredowi bears a stronger resemblance. 



