SPECIAL REPORT 



29 



it is gathered it is not in marketable condition, and often too soft to be 

 used. The trees are shapely and of medium size and could be grown on 

 the lawn thus being used both for ornament and use. 



In the propagation of the cherry, it has been found that they can be 

 more successfully budded than grafted ; one year old seedlings are gener- 

 ally used for this purpose. There are only two commercial stocks, the 

 Mahaleb and Mazzard. These stocks are imported from Europe where 

 they are grown in large quantities. Mahaleb has been found to be 

 hardier than the latter, but is not sufficiently hardy to stand the rigorous win- 

 ters of the Northwest. 



All commercial varieties on the market, are now propagated on one or 

 the other of the above stocks, and where they are to be planted in the cold 

 sections of the prairie states, north of the 41 of latitude, it is a very good 

 plan to plant the trees, six to twelve inches deeper than they stood in the 

 nursery row. This is very necessary on high rolling land which is the 

 most suitable for cherry orchards. 



The sour cherries have been conveniently divided into four distinct 

 groups by G. Harold Powell formerly of the Delaware Station, now of the 

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, and also by the writer in Bulletin 73 of 

 the Iowa Station : these are Montmorency, Morello, Brusseler Braune and" 

 Vladimir. 



The Montmorency Group is distinguished by the fruit having colorless 

 juice, flesh whitish with a light red tinge. The trees are rather strong 

 growers with moderately strong branches ; leaves large, thick and usually 

 coarsely serrated. 



The Morello Group has dark colored fruit, flesh dark, juice colored. 

 The trees are small with slender branches. Foliage medium to small, rather 

 thick, serrated. 



The Brusseler Braune Group produces fruit of a dark color, with dark 

 red flesh. The juice is usually highly colored. The stem is long and 

 moderately stout. The trees are large, upright, compact and round-topped. 

 It is made up of Russian or German varieties. 



The Vladimir group is composed of Russian varieties. The trees are 

 compact with slender, willowy-like branches. Fruit dark colored with 

 highly colored juice. 



Below are given descriptions of the old and new sorts, in their 

 respective groups. 



In varieties of the same group there is such a slight variation that often- 

 times it is a very difficult thing to distinguish between the varieties. Where 

 they are in different groups, one being light colored with colorless juice, 

 and the other being dark colored with colored flesh and juice, it is very 

 easy to identify them. 



The following descriptions are intended to aid in the identifying and 

 classifying of the many varieties now grown in the United States and 

 Canada under the most recent nomenclature. 



