74 AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



will Brilliant, which is a combination of Labrusca, Vinifera and Bourguini- 

 ana (the latter derived from Delaware). 



All grapes require a well drained warm, porous soil, and one rich in 

 potash. Stable manure is best fertilizer on heavy compact soils, and on 

 light open soils a mixture of cotton seed meal, four parts and ground bone, 

 one part, and from 600 to 1000 pounds of this mixture to an acre annually 

 will keep the vineyard in vigorous condition. 



ADAPTATION AS TO CLIMATE 



As it is with reference to soils, so it is with climate yet in a much more 

 general degree, that varieties fail or flourish. Varieties developed out of a 

 species native of a cold wet climate, taken to a dry hot climate, either per- 

 ish quickly or linger along with indifferent success a few years and die out 

 before or by the time they should be in their prime. We see this in vary- 

 ing degrees in all the Labrusca varieties and their hybrids with Vulpina 

 (natives of Northeastern part of the United States; when planted in Texas 

 west of the 97th meridian (a hot dry climate). 



The hybrids of Labrusca with Vinifera, succeed as well or better in 

 Texas, than in New York, because Vinifera natively belongs to a hot dry 

 climate. But the success is not nearly so great as hybrids of Vinifera 

 Lincecumii or Champini. 



The Concord and most other Labrusca varieties in Texas and other 

 parts of the South, ripen unevenly, and reach their best state in 3 years, 

 and in 8 or zo'years are on the decline, while the Bourquiniana, Lincecumii, 

 Champini) Berlandieri, Doaniana and Rotundifolia varieties are in their 

 glory for twenty-five to fifty years. But remove the last named varieties 

 north of 38 latitude and they either winterkill, do not ripen, or get sweet 

 enough, as they take more heat to develop them than such climate furnishes. 



There are some hybrids of Lincecumii with Labrusca and Labrusca x Vin- 

 ifera that succeed quite well as far north as 40. Such are Beacon, Dr. 

 Collier, R. W. Munson, which are reported as doing well in central Illi- 

 nois and in New Jersey. 



Strangely, the (Norton) Virginia so nearly allied to Lincecumii, when 

 grown in Texas, is as short lived as Concord, and in some very dry seasons 

 shrivels on the vine, while Lincecumii varieties, and hybrids with Norton, 

 endure well and ripen perfectly. One is a native of the moist Virginia coast 

 region, not far from Richmond, the other of the dry N. Texas region. Both 

 are native in and love a very sandy soil. 



The result of subjecting the various species to the attacks of the Ana- 

 heim Disease in California, is generally, that the varieties of American 

 grapes which resist long, hot drouths best, also resist the Anaheim Disease 

 best ; suggesting some connection of climatic hardship, such as drouth and 

 heat, with the disease. 



