32 



No. 7. Here is a view which represents a branch, from whicli 

 the surface of the bark has been shaved in the same manner as 

 in the last view, but here we have the characteristic fanlike mott- 

 ling, which we often get in the bark beneath the surface. Some 

 times the effect which jou see here is produced immediately be- 

 neath the surface of the bark, at other times down in the middle 

 of the bark, and at other times you have to get in pretty Avell to- 

 wards the wood in order to find this characteristic marking, de- 

 pending largely upon whether there is a perfect epidermis, or 

 perfect skin, over the bark, or whether there is a corky layer; 

 but it is not entirely gauged by those cliaracters. This line (in- 

 dicating) representing the line of discoloration; the infection 

 started at this point and radiated in all directions from the com- 

 mon starting point. Of course, if we shaved off the other side 

 of that branch, we should have expected to find about the same 

 condition of affairs there; but here we have shown only the half 

 circle of the more or less circular area of the disease. 



No. 8. Here are two branches of a chestnut tree, an orchard 

 tree as I recall it. These branches are about four or five inches 

 in diameter. Tliis represents a very common appearance on 

 chestnut in the smooth-bark stage. Of course, tliis has begun to 

 crack more or less from age. That is not an exceptional case by 

 any means, as all who liave seen tlie disease will readily realize. 



No. 9. This represents another case of a diseased portion, in 

 which the disease started about at this point (indicating). One 

 of these cracks probably re]»rcsents the position of the starting 

 |M>iii(. of llic disease, and it lias radiated in all directions, tending 

 to form the circular mass A\lii(*h is shown here, running down 

 there and across tlie bottom and of course off of the view entirely 

 at the right. That is a grafted tree, by the way, and the enlarged 

 portion at the middle of the tree represents the graft line. 



No. 10. This is merely a section of a little older piece of bark, 

 where we get the pustules of a darker color, that is, more of the 

 brownish tinge, as we often do in weathered bark. This, as I 

 sai<l a moment ago, is found in material which has wi(hst(K)d the 

 weather for some time. 



No. 11. This is another view which shows merely some of 

 the older pustules. This is intended more to represent the winter 

 stage of the fungus. I do not think, however, that you will be 



