;il)|(' lo iii;ikc onl I lie jiidividiml lilllc spols wliirli i^o to iiKik(; 

 ii|) one of llicsc coiiiiiioii iiiiisscs. Tlic wiiilrf sl;iii<' of llii.s dis- 

 ease [n-odiiees its spofes down in Hie hark; tlial is, down lieiieath 

 llic snrfacf! of Hie liai'k, and so also does Hie snninier spoi-e sla^c, 

 e.\ee|»t Hial ill I lie silliiliief spol'c sialic t liey are eXtlMldecl in tin; 

 fori II of I iiese t li reads, w liije I lie w ill tei- spores are not exi laided in 

 Hie same way, alHion.i;li Hiey are exlrnded later. 



Xo. \'2. 'I'liis \iew represents a diseased s])(>l on an orchard 

 iree. The diseasetl sjiol is h'ss than HircH' years cdd, hnl nioi-e 

 Hiaii two years (dd, accoi'dinij, to the records which wci-e l<e|)l. 

 This shows, a( (he n]>[)er part of the ]>iclnre, how Hie l)ark .soon 

 loosens and lat(H' falls from the tree and the branches, until 

 tinally wc have sini]dy the bare trunk or a bare branch left. 

 Soiiiet iiiies this bark bi-eaksaway in less than t wo years, to nmcli 

 Hie extent that is shown tliere. 



No. 13. Here is a small twig of a (diestniit. A little while ai^o 

 T mentioned the fact that, in the smaller Iwii^s, we sometimes 

 had an eiilariicnieiit w hen the disease was jireseiit, I'atlior than a 

 de]>ression. Ilere at the left we uct the normal si/e of the twiii", 

 and then, rniinin<>' out this way towards tlie apex of the branch, 

 we see where the disease started, and we have this considerable 

 swellinii'. This is quite characteristic, under certain conditions, 

 of lwi<.^s which are less than a half iiudi in diameter. It some- 

 times occurs in larger branches, but as a rule we get it quite com- 

 monly in this type of braiudi. 



No. 14. In the older trees, where the bark has become deeply 

 furrowed, 1 said (hat w(» found the diseased pustules almost en- 

 tir(dy in tlie cracks or crevi<-es of the bark. This represents the 

 surface, — greatly magnified, of course, and beyond what you 

 might imagine,— and some of the furrows. We get the yellowish- 

 orange ])ustules in the crevices there, and in various places, 

 whereas tlu^ other ])arts. Hie raised jilaces, sIioav no pustules at 

 all. 



No. 15. So mm-li for the disease as it appears on the branches. 

 Now when the disease appears on a branch, or on the trunk of a 

 tree, it starts from the common point and radiates in all direc- 

 tions, f(U'ming the more or less circular area of disease. Of 

 course, on the trunk of a tree it goes up the ti-unk from the com- 



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