I lie s|»i-(";i(| (if I his disfjisr? Is il \\ui-||i while ddiiii; so? W'iiat 

 ;irc the licsl MicIImhIs Io use While lin <Hie, |»e|-|i;i|»s, will VCIl- 



llll-e Io |>|-o|>liesv I lie oillroiiie, :ill (jollhllcss Jl.nrcc lliiit the J^rcat 

 iiilei-csis al slake Jiislifv an a.u.i;i'«'ssi\(' lii;hl ; and all alik(i arc 

 anxious |(» see ihe warf'ai-e wau'cd in the most, cltVclivc; way. 

 ()||iei- conlcsls a,i;aiiisl. Tun^Dns I'oes liaN'c iieeii won in sjiili; of 

 appul•elltl^■ insujieiaide obstaclt's, and we now look Itack from 

 llic vantage ^i-onnd of kin)wl(M]n(! gained tliron.uli tli(; coiitosts, 

 and wonder llial I lie I asks slionld liavc .seoiULMl hard. Eacli year 

 witnesses tlie ((mkiucsI of more than one important pest, jnst as 

 cacli year is apl Io hriiiu inio the limejiuhl some hitherto nnoli- 

 trusive pest. .Meiilion miuhl he made of scores of animal and 

 l>]ant pests that, in the wide inlerehanjies incident to modern 

 civilization, have heen hron.uht into contact with new liost species, 

 or with new emiroiimenlal conditions, and have forthwith en- 

 tercil upon a period of riotons (h'vastatlon. At the present time, 

 federal and strife resources are heini; drawn n])on, and concerted 

 state action is heinm had, in tlie fights against the gypsy an<l 

 l)rown-tail moths in New England, and against the cotton boll 

 weevil in the sonthwcstern portion of the cotton l)elt. I cannot 

 refrain from recalling to mind the eradication of the cattle tick 

 in certain districts within its range, and the stamping out of yel- 

 low fever in territory nnckr United State jurisdiction, as notable 

 examjdes of suet ess that lias- in recent times come from complete 

 knowledge of the situations, combined with efficient administra- 

 tion. As a citizen of Penusylvnnia, T take pride in i)ointing to 

 the snccessful sui)pression of the fcot and mouth disease of cattle, 

 during 1908, by the State Livestock Sanitary Board in co-opera- 

 tion witli tlie ]'\'d('ra] Unreau of Animal Industry. These were 

 cam])aigns of quarantine and .sanitation. 



These examples of very diverse nature do not prove anything in 

 regard to the chestnut bark disease; but they do serve to em- 

 phasize the fact that persistent effort in the right direction may 

 win in the face of great odds. 



To the specialist in ])lant diseases, a most interesting (juestion 

 is. Avhy is it that this disease has made such headway in this coun- 

 try in so shoit a t'luw. Is it that there are factors involved, aside 

 from administrative difficulties, that are not found in the manv 



