'J5 



1)3' ;i iiicjidnw iiioiisc. I'.v k('(iiHii<i lliciii clcnii, li(tN\('\rr, ciiitiii;^ 

 the j;i-;iss ;i\\;iy ;iii(l Imriiiiij; il over, tlii' iii<';i(lo\\ inicL' are kept 

 down w il II I lie nt lici- <'ii('iiii(*s. 



The s('\('iil('('ii vcar lociisl is ain»i !ici- ciiciiiy. Tlici-c is a hrood 

 of llicin every three of (om- .\ears, it seems. In lIMKi, ]!)()(» and 

 1!M(I llionsaiids of llieiii, — millions, I sn])i)ose, — came ont. This 

 is one \iew. which I look looking n|), jioinlinij, llie caniei'a into 

 the tree. 'I'liese are I lie eiiijily skins of the chi-ysalides as they 

 caiiM' out of the ur(»niid into the tree, the cicadas lia\iii,u ci-aw led 

 out. 



This \iew shows a little wild indi.^o j»lant, <ni which there 

 ^\('l•e two linndrecl and lifty cicadas. Tlie iiijnry comes when 

 t hey deposit t heir eii.us. 



The next view shows two branches reeeiitly slinijj; hy the 

 cicada. The eiius are (h'posited, makinji' Jioles tlirouuh which 

 fnnui may enter. Tlie wind blows then and bi-eaks them otf 

 at ]>laces, and the l»i-anclies fall to the uronnd ; l»nl the cicada 

 lias left Indes and it is necessary to trim oil" the hranidies and 

 ]>rnne. This view shows a little tree that has been prnned. The 

 dead braiu/hes are below and of c<mrse there is not nincli left. 

 This interferes with the bearing of that tree. A tree trimmed in 

 1910, in 1011 had no beai'ing wood on it; a loss of the Inits, loss 

 of a year's crop, becanse of the cicada. However, if the limbs 

 are not broken, they begin to heal. 



Yon can see in this view where the ovipositor jmnctnred the 

 wood. This was stnng in l!hlt> and the pliotooTa])h was taken in 

 1010. They are slow in healing n]), and form wonnds through 

 whicli the spores of tl>e fnngi may enter. 



This view shows still fnrther the process of healing. Some 

 of them heal ni) entirely and apparently sntfer nothing from 

 the injnry. 



This tree was stripped by the striped oak worm. Tliere are 

 other enemies, ^fr. Sober and I have been fighting enemies for 

 ten years. Nearly every one disconraged Mr. Sober. He stood 

 alone; bnt he is fighting them, and aaIII continne to fight them. 

 In spite of the blight and in spite of everything, he expects to 

 see chestnnt trees as long as he lives, and if we conld come back 

 in two hnndred years, I think we wonld find chestnnt trees there. 



One of the enemies that is most serions is the burr worm. At 



