187 



lr('(\s. So that tlio others live in various ways. If a h>t of in- 

 sects is found in a diseiised tree, we niusl know which of these are 

 the insects that attack iIm- living hark and wliidi cuiiic in after 

 llie hark Ix'.uins to die, or aftei- it is <h*a<l, and whether or not any 

 of them can carry spores after they transformed into tlie adult 

 stage and come out. I douht whetlier the relation of insects is 

 as important a factor as has hern su*i|;ested, because as a rule 

 when insects develop to the adult or win^ccl stage, and emerge 

 from the bark, they tly away very (piickly, as if to escape some 

 enemy. They d(» not as a Vnh' ci-awl about over the l)ark before 

 they tly. 



MK. W. il()\\ AJil) KAMviX, of llhaca, New York: Can you 

 tell us whether in your estimation, the Leptura* species of borer 

 precede infections of tlie bliglit, or follow it? 



DR. HOPKINS: I'hat is a problem we are working on, but 

 we are not ready to form an opinion on it. It will require a sum- 

 mer's work before we can state definitely just what relation they 

 have to the disease and the dying of trees. 



MR. RANKIN: I would also like to ask the Doctor if he is 

 acquainted with some chestnut trouble in Otsego county. New 

 York? There is a lot of chestnut dying in that locality from 

 what I took to be insect trouble. 



THE CHAIRMAN: ^Ir Rankin calls attention to apparent 

 losses caused by insects in Otsego county. New York 



DR. HOPKINS : The matter has not yet come to my atten- 

 tion. 



THE CHAIRMAN : Are there further questions? 



PROFESSOR CLINTON : I would like to ask Dr. Hopkins if, 

 during the past few years, the insect troubles of trees in general 

 have been on the increase or decrease, over the previous ten or 

 fifteen years? 



DR. HOPKINS: I have been studying the subject in rela- 

 tion to dying timber for the i>ast twenty years, or since I started 

 to study forest insects, and the (piestion of climate has been one 

 to which we have given considerable attention ; because every 

 time trees start to die someone comes up and says they are dying 



