barked logs used for building purposes have still shown the disease in 

 an active condition after a yeai- or more. All underbrush, etc., should 

 be cleared from around the tree and the entire tree and the ground 

 directly under it sprayed with a lime-sulphur wash or other disin- 

 fectant. 



After the treatment has beeu completed, there is danger from two 

 sources: — 1. Some of the mycelium may have been overlooked and 

 left in the bark or wood. The edges of the wound should be closely 

 watched for sometime after the first treatment, and if re-infected, 

 should be promptly and more thoroughly cut away again. Unless 

 this is done it will be unwise or useless to spejid money for the first 

 treatment. 2. The tree must be guarded against new infection. 

 For this reason if the tree is located in a region where the disease 

 is very prevalent, or if the tree is in an unhealthy condition and 

 presents many wounds which serve as entrances for spores, the 

 chances for success are smaller. All wounds should be covered dur- 

 ing the first treatment and ever^^ precaution taken to prevent un- 

 necessary wounds. The use of climbing irons on trees results in the 

 most dangerous type of wounds, and their use by any so-called 

 "tree doctors" should be sufficient reason for branding the men as 

 incompetent, ignorant or wilfully careless. 



Spraying the trees at intervals for the purpose of preventing 

 re-infection will kill spores on the exterior and may be successful. 

 Lime-sulphur or Bordeaux mixture may be used, and the work should 

 be done at intervals of about two (2) weeks during the sj)ring and 

 summer, and, if possible, through the entire year.* Painting or 

 spraying the trunk and larger limbs with whitewash is also of some 

 apparent benefit, so far as tried. It is also advisable to apply a 

 coating of tree varnish or tree tangle-foot to the base of the trees 

 after spraying, to keep crawling insects ofi' of the trees. 



CASES WHERE THERE IS SMALL CHANCE OF SUCCESSFUL TREAT- 

 MENT 

 Ko such treatment can be recommended for forest trees on ac- 

 count of the difficulty and expense attached to it. Even in the 

 treatment of orchard and lawn trees there is less likelihood of suc- 

 cess than usual in such instances as the following: 



1. When the tree is very old or very large. Trees in time lose 

 their ])ower of recuperation, and the wounds made in the course of 

 the work will not heal over readily. Experience has shown that trees 

 over foi-ty feet high are seldom treated with any beneficial results. 



2. Where the disease has progressed over a large portion of the 

 tiunk of the tree so that much of the bark will have to 

 be removed. If the trunk or a large branch is nearly girdled, the 



*OoTni>lete and detailed directions for malting Bordeaux Mixture and Lime-Sulphur solutions 

 will be found in Farmers' Bulletin No. 243, which can be obtained free upon application to the 

 Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. O. 



