TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS, 1848-45. 305 



all needful rules, regulations, and by-laws, for the government of the in- 

 stitution and the persons employed therein ; and, in prescribing the duties 

 of the professors and lecturers, they shall have special reference to the in- 

 troduction and illustration of subjects connected with the productive and 

 liberal arts of life, improvements in agriculture, in manufactures, in trades, 

 and in domestic economy. They shall direct experiments to be made 

 by the professor of agriculture, horticulture, and rural economy, to de- 

 termine the utility and advantage of new modes and instruments of 

 culture, to determine whether new fruits, plants, and vegetables, may be 

 cultivated to advantage in the United States ; and they shall direct the dis- 

 tribution of all such fruits, plants, seeds, and vegetables, as shall be found 

 useful and adapted to any of our soils and climates, so that the people in 

 every part of the Union may enjoy the benefit and advantage of the exper- 

 iments made by the institution. They shall also direct the professor of 

 chemistry to institute a chemical analysis of soils from different sections of 

 the United States, to make experiments on the various modes of improving 

 and enriching the several kinds of soil found within the United States, and 

 at all times to include, in his course of lectures, the subject of agricultural 

 chemistry. They shall also direct the professor of natural history especi- 

 ally to refer, in his course of lectures, to the history and habits of such 

 animals as are useful, or such animals and insects as are injurious, including 

 the best means of taking care of and improving the one, and of protecting 

 grain and other products from the other. They shall also direct the pro- 

 fessor of geology to include, in his course of lectures, practical instructions 

 of a general character, to aid in the exploration and working of mines. 

 They shall also direct the professor of architecture and domestic science to 

 include, in his course of lectures, practical instructions as to the best modes 

 and materials for building, according to climate and location, throughout 

 the United States, from the simple single dwelling to the more complicated 

 and costly structures for public and other purposes ; also, to institute exper- 

 iments in regard to the best mode of lighting, heating, and ventilating 

 buildings, public and private, and to determine the value of such scientific 

 improvements as may, from time to time, be made in the same or in any 

 other important branch of domestic economy. They shall also direct the 

 professor of astronomy to include, in his lectures, a* course on navigation, 

 including the use of nautical instruments. And it shall be competent for 

 the said managers, at their discretion, to cause to be printed and published, 

 from time to time, works, in popular form, on the sciences and on the aid 

 they bring to labor, written by the professors of the institution, or by other 

 persons engaged for the purpose : Provided, That such works shall, at all 

 times, be offered for sale at the lowest rates that will repay the actual ex- 

 pense of publication: And provided, That such works shall, before publica- 

 tion, be submitted to and examined by the board of managers, or a com- 

 mittee of their number. And the said board shall also make rules and regu- 

 lations for the admission of students into the various departments of the 

 institution, and their conduct and deportment while they remain therein : 

 Provided, That all instruction in said institution shall be gratuitous to those 

 students who conform to such rules and regulations. 



SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That be appointed 



managers of the said Smithsonian Institution, to hold their ofiices as is 

 hereinbefore provided. 



SENATE, December 16, 1844. 



Mr. TAPPAN, from the Committee on the Library, reported 

 S. bill 18, without amendment. 



SENATE, December 31, 1844. 

 On motion of Mr. TAPPAN, the Senate considered, as in 



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