A GRASP OF GEOLOGIC TIME. 165 



New Guinea, Ceram and Timor present the same alliances 

 with Australia as the other islands do with Asia. As the 

 species of the Indo-Malayan archipelago exhibit affinities 

 which reveal their derivation from types occupying the 

 Asiatic shore, so those of the Austro-Malayan archipelago 

 declare their descent from Australian progenitors. Even 

 the human races reveal the same affinities and bespeak the 

 same migrations. We are led thus to the following con- 

 clusion. 



At some period in the history of our species, after the 

 brown stock of races had become differentiated from the 

 black, the older black race or races held possession of the 

 Australian continent in all its former extent. At the same 

 time the brown Malayan Mongoloid wandered down the 

 Asiatic peninsula as far as Borneo, and found its further 

 progress intercepted by the deep sea dissevering the two 

 continents. Each race continued to occupy its own conti- 

 nent, and as the ocean gradually encroached, held posses- 

 sion of the emergent elevations, till science opened its eyes 

 upon questions of geology and race and distribution, and 

 reproduced the vicissitudes of a continental history which 

 man, though a spectator of the whole, had long since for- 

 gotten. 



This account undoubtedly holds true for the centra* 

 masses of faunas and races. But no human race has been 

 completely barred by the intervention of channels, however 

 deep or broad. We find accordingly that representatives 

 of the black stock of men found their way to the islands 

 of the Indo-Malayan archipelago, and survive, crowded 

 and dominated by the Malays to this day. These are the 

 Ae'ta of the Philippine islands. To these we should add the 

 Mincopies of the Andaman islands. In the opposite direc- 



