SARCODINA 29 



Order 4. Haplosporidia. Simple organisms, forming simple spores; they 

 occur in Rotifers, Polychaetes, Fish and Man. 



Class IV. Infusoria (Ciliata). The body is generally uniform in shape, with 

 cilia and contractile vacuole, frequently also with cytostome ; usually has macro- 

 and micro-nucleus ; live free in water and also parasitically. 



The "orders Holotricha, Heterotricha, Oligotricha, Hypotricha and Peritricha 

 are classified according to the arrangement of the cilia. 



Class V. Suctoria. Bodies with suctorial tubes, contractile vacuoles, macro- 

 and micro-nucleus, no cytostome. They generally invade aquatic animals as cavity 

 parasites, yet also attack plants ; early stage ciliated. Live sometimes as parasites 

 on Infusoria. [The Suctoria are frequently regarded as a sub-class of the Infusoria.] 



The Protozoa and Protophyta are sometimes united under the term Protista 

 (Haeckel, 1866). The Spirocha?tes are Protists (see pp. 114 128). 



Class I. SARCODINA, Butschli, 1882. 

 Order. Amcebina, Ehrenberg. 

 A. Human Intestinal Amoebae. 



The first record of the occurrence of amoeba-like organisms in the human intes- 

 tine, that is, in intestinal evacuations, was that of Lambl (1859) ; nevertheless, the case 

 was not quite conclusive, as the occurrence of testaceous amoebae of fresh water 

 (Arcella, Diffiugia) was also reported. In 1870 Lewis found amoebae associated with 

 disorders of the large intestine in patients in Calcutta. A year later Cunningham 

 reported from the same locality that he had observed on eighteen occasions, in one 

 hundred examinations of dejecta from cholera patients, colourless bodies with amoeboid 



FIG. i. Avuvba coli, Losch, in ihe intestinal mucus. (After Losch.) 



movements, which became encysted and multiplied by fission. The daughter forms 

 were said to be capable of dividing again, but they might also remain in contact. 

 Contractile vacuoles were not noticed. The same bodies were observed also in 

 simple diarrhoea (twenty-eight cases out of one hundred.) 



The case reported by Losch in 1875 attracted more attention. It was that of 

 a peasant, aged 24, who came from the province of Archangel. He was admitted 



