44 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



by staining. One or two contractile vacuoles were present. The protoplasm was 

 finely granular, showing no differentiation into ecto- and endo-plasm. According to 

 Braun, in spite of the author declaring himself expressly against the flagellate nature 

 of the parasite, such a nature may be assumed to be tolerably certain in view of the 

 description and illustration. 



It is now considered that Entamoeba undulans is a portion of a flagellate, 

 namely, Trichomonas. 



Entamoeba kartulisi, Doflein, 1901. 



Doflein gave this name to amoebae, from 30^ to 38^ in diameter, 

 which Kartulis (1893) found on examining the pus of an abscess in the 

 right lower jaw of an Arab, aged 43, and in a portion of bone that had been 



extracted. The movements of the amoebae 

 (fig. n) were more active than those of 

 " dysenteric amoebae." Their coarsely 

 granular cytoplasm contained blood and 

 pus corpuscles, and a nucleus was generally 

 only recognizable after staining. Vacuoles 

 were not seen with certainty. Flexner re- 

 ported upon a similar case, and Kartulis 

 published five additional cases. As in these 

 cases dental caries was present the infection 

 is likely to have proceeded from the oral 

 cavity as a result of the carious teeth. 

 Craig 1 (1911) considers that this parasite is 

 probably identical with Entamoeba histolytica. 



In the literature the following species have been reported as 

 occurring in the oral cavity of man : 



Amceba gingivalis, Gros, 1849. [? identical with Entamceba buccalis.~\ 



Amoeba buccalis, Steinberg, 1862. 



Amoeba dentalis, Grassi, 1879. 



Far too little, however, is known concerning these to regard them as definite 

 species, that is, independent organisms ; Grassi thinks it even possible there may 

 have been a confusion in their case with salivary corpuscles. If they really are 

 amoebae they are all of them probably identical with Entamoeba buccalis. 



Genus Paramceba, Schaudinn, 1896. 



Schaudinn established the genus Paramceba for a marine rhizopod which multi- 

 plied by division, became encysted at the end of its vegetative life and then 

 segmented into swarm bodies with two flagella. These multiplied by longitudinal 

 fission, and finally passed into the condition of Amoebae. Whether the human parasite 

 described by C. F. Craig (1906) as 



1 "The Parasitic Amoebae of Man," Lippincott, Philadelphia. 



abscess in the lower jaw, show- 



