50 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Multiplication took place by means of division andbudding (fig. 15, c), 

 after previous direct division of the nucleus. The buds were supposed 

 to divide repeatedly soon after their appearance, thus giving rise to 

 minute forms of 3 /*. 



There was a suspicion in both cases that the ascites was associated 

 with malignant neoplasms in the abdomen, and autopsy confirmed 

 this view in one case. 



FIG. 15. Leydenia gemmipara, Schaud. a, in a quiescent condition, x 1000 ; b, in the act of 

 moving, X 1000 ; c, from a fixed preparation, showing a bud, X 1500. 



The parasite, which has seldom been observed, has been variously 

 interpreted ; for example, it has been regarded merely as altered tissue 

 cells. It is now known, from Schaudinn's researches, that Leydenia 

 gemmipara is connected with abnormal conditions of Chlamydophrys, 

 occasionally occurring as a commensal in the ascitic fluid. The form 

 is produced when pathological conditions of the large intestine create 

 an alkaline reaction of its whole contents. The formation of shells 

 then often ceases, and these naked Chlamydophrys are enabled to 

 multiply atypically by division and gemmation. Such stages, which 

 are no longer capable of a normal development, are the Leydenia, as 

 Schaudinn has demonstrated. 



Class II. MASTIGOPHORA, Diesing. 

 Sub-Class. FLAGELLATA, Cohn emend. Biitschli. 



During the motile part of their life the Flagellata possess one or more flagella 

 which serve for locomotion, and in many cases also for the capture of food. A few 

 groups (Euglenoidin&i Choanoflagellata) have only one flagellum, others two or 

 several of about equal length (Isomastigodrf), or of various lengths (Monadtna, 

 Heteromasligoda, Dinoflagellata). The long flagellum is the principal one ; the 

 smaller ones on the same organism are accessory flagella. The flagella directed 



