62 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



As already mentioned, this form, which Lambl termed Cercomonas 

 intestinalis, differs considerably from the form found by the same 

 author in 1859, which received the same designation (cf. Lamblia intes- 

 tinalis, p. 60), but it corresponds with Cercomonas ho minis, Davaine. 

 The latter, as well as C. intestinalis, Lambl, 1875, is usually classed 

 with the Trichomonads, but, as has already been remarked (cf. 

 Trichomonas intestinalis, p. 54), this cannot be considered correct, as 

 only one flagellum is present. 



Cercomonas vaginalis (Castellani and Chalmers, 1909) was found 

 in the vagina of native women in Ceylon. 



Other species of Cercomonas have, at various times, been recorded 

 from man. However, the parasitic species of the genus Cercomonas 

 require further investigation. 



According to Janowski (1896-7), typical Cercomonads have also been observed in 

 the intestine of man by Escherich, also by Cahen, Massiutin, Fenoglio, Councilman and 

 Lafleur, Dock, Kruse and Pasquale, Zunker, Quincke and Roos, and others. However, 

 it is an open question whether the Flagellata observed by Roos in one of his cases 

 belonged to Davaine's species, the size showing some deviation (14 /* to 16 /*). In 

 his, as in many other cases, doubts have been raised as to whether the flagellates 

 found in the stools had actually lived in the intestine, or had subsequently appeared 

 in the faeces : for this a surprisingly short time only is necessary. Salomon also 

 appears to have observed Cercomonads (Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1899, No. 46). 



As with T. intestinalis so with C. hominis, it appears 

 that the parasite settles not only in the intestine but also in 

 the air-passages. This is demonstrated by the statements of 

 Kannenberg and Streng of the occurrence of Monads and 

 Cercomonads in the sputum and putrid expectoration in 

 gangrene of the lungs, which no doubt apply to C. hominis 

 (cf. also Artault). Possibly also the Flagellata observed in the 

 pleural exudation by Litten and Roos may be included here ; 

 this is the more probable in Roos's case as the process ensued 

 in the pleura after the breaking through of a vomica. 



Perroncito and Piccardi have described encysted stages of 

 Cercomonads. 



FIG. 23. Monas 

 pyophila> R. Blanch. 

 (After Grimm.) 



Monas pyophila, R. Blanch., 1895. 



R. Blanchard thus designates a Flagellate that Grimm 

 found in the sputum, as well as in the pus of a pulmonary and 

 hepatic abscess, in the case of a Japanese woman living in 

 Sapporo. The parasites resemble large spermatozoa (fig. 23). 



The body, 30 n to 60 /j., has the shape of a heart or a myrtle leaf, and is surrounded by a 

 thick cuticle which is supposed to extend into the interior of the body, dividing it into 

 three parts. A long appendix at the rounded pole is covered for the greater part of 

 its length by the cuticle ; the extremity, however, is free and resembles a flagellum. 

 The parasites were very active, frequently changed their shape, and were able to 

 retract the long appendix within the body, which then assumed a round form. 

 [This organism requires further investigation.] 



