04 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



lashes or cilia." In 1868 Salisbury described a similar flagellate in 

 the urine under the name Trichomonas irregular is. Ktinstler in 1883 

 described the latter parasite under the name B. urinarius. In 1885 

 Blanchard, considering Kunstler's organism a different parasite from 

 Hassall's, called it Cystomonas urinaria. Braun, in 1895, gave the 

 name Plagiomonas urinaria. Barrois (1894) considered Kunstler's 

 and Hassall's organisms to be identical and not to be true parasites 

 of man. Sinton, 1 in 1912, found the flagellate in the deposit, after 

 centrifuging, of a 24-hour old specimen of alkaline urine from a 

 Mexican sailor in the Royal Southern Hospital, Liverpool. Sinton 

 found a kinetic nucleus or blepharoplast in the organism, and 

 therefore placed it in the genus Prowazekia. 



FIG. 24. Types of Frowazekia urinaria. (a) sausage-shaped ; (b] round ; (c) carrot-shaped 



form. (After Sinton.) 



The flagellate stage (fig. 24) of the organism is polymorphic, and may 

 be either (a) sausage-shaped, IO/A to 25 yu, in length by 2*5 //, to 6 p in 

 breadth ; (b) round or oval, varying from 4 //, in diameter to oval 

 forms 15 /A by 10 /* ; (c) a carrot-shaped form, of varying size up to 

 25 /J, by 4 p. The kinetic nucleus is large and pear-shaped. Near it 

 are basal granules, closely applied to one another, from which the 

 flagella arise. There is a small cytostome near the roots of the 

 flagella. There is a well-marked karyosome in the nucleus. The 

 movement is jerky. The shorter, anterior flagellum may be used in 

 food-capture. In life, bacteria have been seen to be ingested. Food- 

 vacuoles tend to accumulate at the posterior (aflagellar) end. A 

 contractile vacuole may be present, near the base of the cytostome, 

 and may really be the dilated fundus of the latter. Division occurs by 



1 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitology, vi, p. 245. 



