TRYPANOSOMA UNI FORME IOI 



Trypanosoma uniforme, Bruce, 1910. 



This trypanosome was found in oxen in Uganda. 1 It can be in- 

 oculated to oxen, goats and sheep, but is refractory to dogs, rats and 

 guinea-pigs. It has been found in antelopes. It resembles T. vivax, 

 but is smaller (fig. 47), averaging 16 yu, in length. A free flagellum 

 is present. It is transmitted by Glossincv. 



Many other trypanosomes occur in mam- 

 mals, while birds, reptiles, amphibia (fig. 48) 

 and fish also harbour them. The discussion of 

 these forms does not come within the scope 

 of the present work. They are dealt with 

 in Laveran and MesniFs "Trypanosomes et 

 Trypanosomiases," 2nd edit., 1912. 



GENERAL NOTE ON DEVELOPMENT OF 



TRYPANOSOMES IN GLOSSINA. FIG. 48. 



rotator mm, from blood of 



Before concluding the account of trypano- a fr g- x 1,400. (After 



., i r j i J.T Laveran and Mesnil.) 



somes, it may be of interest to remark that 



several African trypanosomes develop in various species of Glossina, 

 and are found in different parts of the alimentary tract and in the 

 proboscis. Thus (a) T. vivax, T. uniforme and T. caprce develop in the 

 fly's proboscis (labial cavity and hypopharynx) only ; (b) T. congolense, 

 T. simice and T. pecaudi develop first in the gut of the fly and then 

 pass forward to its proboscis ; and (c) T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense 

 develop first in the gut and later invade the salivary glands of the 

 tsetse. The proboscis or the salivary glands in such cases are termed 

 by Duke 2 the anterior station of the trypanosome, wherein it completes 

 its development. 



ADAPTATION OF TRYPANOSOMES. 



These flagellates may exhibit power of adaptation to changes of 

 environment, such as those due to the administration of drugs, change 

 of host, etc. A few examples of such mutations may be briefly 

 considered : 



(i) Blepharoplastless Trypanosomes. T. brucei may become resistant 

 to pyronin and oxazine. Accompanying this drug resistance is a 

 change in morphology, namely, the loss of the blepharoplast 

 (Werbitzki). 3 A race or strain of blepharoplastless trypanosomes may 

 be thus produced which retains its characteristic feature after as many 

 as 130 passages (Laveran). 4 Oxazine is the more powerful drug, and 

 it acts directly on the blepharoplast. (Compare the natural blepha- 

 roplastless character of T. equinnm.) 



1 Proc. Roy. Soc., B ; Ixxxiii, p. 176. 



2 Repts. Sleeping Sickness Commission Roy. Soc. (1913), xiii, p. 82. 



3 Centralbl. f. Bakt. (1910), Orig., liii, p. 303. 4 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., iv, p. 233. 



