FASCIOLID^: 237 



vitellaria are restricted in extent. They do not extend forward 

 beyond the anterior border of the posterior testis. They are best 

 developed in the area between the acetabulum and the termination 

 of the gut caeca. 



The eggs are oval and measure 150 //, in length by 72 //, in 

 breadth. 



Habitat. Caecum and large intestine of man. Also in the pig 

 (5 per cent.) in Annam. 



Distribution. This parasite has been recorded from Assam (not 

 uncommon), British Guiana (Indian immigrants), and Cochin China. 



Gastrodiscus cvgyptiacus, Cobbold, 1876, and G. secundns, Looss, 

 1907, occur in the horse; G. minor, Leiper, 1913, in the pig in 

 Nigeria and Uganda. 



Family. Fasciolidae, RailL, 1895. 



Sub-family. Fasciolinae, Odhner, 1910. 



Genus. Fasciola, L., 1758. 



The ventral sucker is situated at the level of the junction of the cone with the 

 body, viz., at the level of the " shoulder," and is large and powerful. The cuticle 

 is covered with strong spines ; the gut caeca run in the mid-line to the hind end, 

 and are provided with numerous long lateral and fewer and shorter median branches. 

 The ovary lies on one side in front of the transverse vitelline duct ; the testes 

 lie obliquely one behind the other. The uterus, in the shape of a rosette, lies 

 in front of the genitalia. Laurer's canal is present ; the vesicula seminalis lies 

 in the cirrus pouch ; the ova are large, not very numerous, and only develop after 

 they have been deposited. Parasites of the biliary ducts of herbivorous animals. 



Fasciola hepatica, L., 1758. 



Syn. : Distomum hepaticum, Retz., 1786 ; Fasciola humana, Gmel., 1789 ; 

 Distomum cavice, Sons., 1890 : Cladoccelium hepaticum, Stoss., 1892. 



Length 20 to 30 mm., breadth 8 to 13 mm., cephalic cone 4 to 5 mm. 

 in length and sharply differentiated from the body by a shoulder on 

 each side. Spines in alternating transverse rows and extending on 

 the ventral surface to the posterior border of the testes, and on the 

 dorsal surface not quite so far. The spines are smaller on the cephalic 

 cone than on the posterior part of the body, where they are discernible 

 with the naked eye. The suckers are hemispherical, and near each 

 other ; the oral sucker is about i mm. and the ventral sucker about 

 1*6 mm. in diameter. The pharynx, which includes almost the entire 



