FASCIOLA HEPATICA 



239 



Ut.S. 



of the Meuse and near localities, not only sheep but oxen died in 

 enormous numbers ; for instance, in the Arrondissement of Verdun 

 out of 50,000 sheep 20,000 died, and out of 20,000 cattle 2,200 died. 

 In England, in 1830, 2,000,000 sheep were carried off; whilst in 1862 

 60 per cent, of the sheep died in Ireland; and in 1879 over 300,000 

 were lost in England ; whilst as late 

 as 1891 one owner in the same 

 country lost over 10,000 sheep (Live 

 Stock Journal, October 30, 1891). 

 F. V. T.] 



The disease usually commences 

 towards the end of summer with an 

 enlargement of the liver, induced by 

 the invasion of numerous young 

 flukes; in the autumn and winter the 

 animals suffer from the consequences 

 of disordered biliary secretion ; they 

 become feverish, emaciated, and 

 anaemic, and lose their appetite. 

 In consequence of the consecutive 

 atrophy of the liver, cedema and 



E.d. 



FIG. 140. Fasciola hepatica. M., mouth; 

 Ut., uterine rosette ; Tr.c,, transverse vitelline 

 ducts uniting to form a vitelline receptacle in 

 the mid-line ; E.d., longitudinal vitelline ducts ; 

 V.s. t vitellaria. The clear space in the centre 

 represents the position of the ramifying testes 

 and part of the gut. Natural size. (Mull, fluid, 

 alcohol, creosote, Canada balsam.) 



^FiG. 141. Fasciola hepatica, L. /., 

 intestine; Vs. , vitellaria; Ov., ovary; 

 O., oral aperture; Ut. t uterus; S., ven- 

 tral sucker ; T. t testes. In front of the 

 testes are seen the transverse vitelline 

 ducts uniting to form the pyriform vitel- 

 line receptacle. Immediately in front of 

 this the spherical shell gland. The two 

 vasa efferentia can also be seen running 

 up in the mid-line. The branches of the 

 gut are only shown in the cephalic cone. 

 (After Glaus.) 



ascites set in, and many animals succumb to this "liver rot." On 

 examination the liver is found to be shrunken, the bile-ducts are 

 enormously dilated and in parts saccular and full of flukes. Should 

 the animals survive this stage, spontaneous recovery ensues in 

 consequence of the flukes commencing to leave the liver in the 



