254 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



t. 



proliferations of the epithelium of the 

 biliary duct into the connective 

 tissue, which is likewise proliferated. 

 The number of worms found in one 

 case amounted to over TOO ; in a 

 second case, in which the parasites 

 had also invaded the pancreatic duct, 

 their number was even larger. 



Winogradoff as well as Askanazy 

 found isolated flukes in the intestine 

 also. 



Unfortunately, nothing much is 

 known of the history of the develop- 

 ment of Opisthorchis felineus ; we only 

 know that when deposited the eggs 

 already contain a ciliated mira- 

 cidium, which, ho\vever, according 

 to my experience, does not hatch out 

 v -g. in water, but only after the entry of 



the eggs into the intestine of young 

 Limnceus stagnates ; no further de- 

 velopment, however, occurs. Wino- 

 gradoff states that he has seen the 

 \ miracidia, hatch after the eggs had 



been kept in water for a month at 

 37 C. ; and has even observed free 

 miracidia in the bile of man and of 

 a dog respectively. Although the 

 whole post-embryonal development 

 of the cat fluke remains yet to be 

 investigated, Askanazy by a series of 

 experiments on cats and dogs has dis- 

 covered the mode of infection. The 

 intermediate hosts are fish, and 

 mainly the ide, in this country called 

 Tapar (Idus melanotns, H. and Kr.), 

 and of subsidiary importance the 



ut. 



ex. c. 



FIG. 154. Opisthorchis pscudofclineus : from the 

 bile-duct of the cat (Iowa). ;//., oral sucker; p,b., 

 pharyngeal bulb ; .r., oesophagus ; z., intestine; va., 

 vagina; g.p.m., male orifice; ac., ventral sucker; 

 ut. , uterus ; v.g., vitellarium ; s.g., shell gland ; v.dt., 

 vitelline duct ; ov., ovary; r.s., receptaculum seminis ; 

 L.c. , Laurer's canal; /., testis ; ex.c., excretory 

 CX.p. bladder ; ex.p., excretory pore. (After Stiles.) 



