282 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



. Enlarged, at first due to toxin (?) and later due to portal 

 stasis. Eggs in the spleen are uncommon. 



Ascites also arises from the portal stasis, and is generally present 

 in advanced cases. 



Eggs may be found in many other situations : glands (numerous), 

 mesentery, stomach, pancreas, kidney, etc. The bladder remains free. 



FIG. 183. Schistosoma japonicum : liver showing eggs in the intra- and interlobular 

 connective tissue, x c. 80. (After Katsurada.) 



Class III. CESTODA, Rud., 1808. 



Tapeworms have been known from ancient times at all events, the large 

 species inhabiting the intestines of man and there has never been a doubt as 

 to their animal nature. The large cysticerci of the domestic animals (occasionally 

 of man also) have been known for an equally long period, but they were generally 

 regarded as growths, or "hydatids," until almost simultaneously Redi in Italy, and 

 Hartmann and Wepfer in Germany, concluded from their movements and organi- 

 zation that they were of animal nature. From that time the cysticerci have been 

 included amongst the other intestinal worms, and Zeder (1800) established a special 

 class (Cystici, Rud., 1808) for the bladder worms. Things remained in this condition 

 until the middle of the last century, when Kiichenmeister, by means of successful 

 feeding experiments, demonstrated that the cysticerci were definite stages of 

 development of certain tapeworms. Before Kiichenmeister, E. Blanchard, van 

 Beneden, and v. Siebold had held the same opinion in regard to other asexual 

 Cestodes. 



