TYENIID.E 33 1 



Family. Taeniidae, Ludwig, 1886. 

 Genus. Taenia, L., 1758. l 



With the characters of the family. In the genus Cladotaenia recognized by 

 some authors, the testes encroach on the mid field and the uterine stem reaches the 

 anterior end of the segment. 



Taenia solium, L., p. p., 1767. 



Syn. : Tcenia cucurbitina, Pall., 1781; Tcenia pellucida, Goeze, 1782; Tcenia 

 vulgaris, Werner, 1782; Tcenia dentata, Gmel., 1790; Halysis solium, Zeder, 1800; 

 Tcenia humana armata, Brera, 1802; Tcenia (Cystotcenia) solium^ Lkt., 1862. 



The average lengtH of the entire tapeworm is about 2 to 3 m., 

 but may be even more ; the head is globular, o'6 to <r8 to ro mm. 

 in diameter. The rostellum is short with a double circlet of hooks, 

 twenty-two to thirty-two in number, usually twenty-six to twenty-eight ; 

 large and small hooks alternate regularly; the length of the large hooks 

 is o'i6 to 0*18 mm., of the small ones 0*11 to 0*14 mm. The ros- 

 tellum is sometimes pigmented. The suckers are hemispherical, 0*4 to 

 0*5 mm. in diameter. The neck is fairly thin and long (5 to 10 mm.). 

 The proglottids, the number of which averages from 800 to 900, increase 

 in size very gradually ; at about i m. behind the head they are square 

 and have the genitalia fully developed. Segments sufficiently mature for 

 detachment measure 10 to 12 mm. in length by 5 to 6 mm. in breadth. 

 The genital pores alternate fairly evenly at the lateral margin a little 

 behind the middle of each segment. The fully developed uterus con- 

 sists of a median trunk, with seven to ten lateral branches at either side, 

 some of which are again ramified. The eggs are oval, the egg-shell 

 very thin and delicate ; the embryonal shell (embryophore) is thick, 

 with radial stripes; it is of a pale yellowish colour, globular, and 

 measures 31 //, to 36 //, in diameter ; the oncospheres, with six hooks, 

 are likewise globular, and measure 20 /JL in diameter (fig. 238). 



1 The Greeks termed the tapeworms fXpivOes ir\ars'iai, more rarely x"nP >ia ( fascia) ; 

 the Romans called them tcenia, tinea, tceniola, later himbrici, usually with the addition lati, 

 to distinguish them from the Lumbrici teretes (Ascaridce). The proglottids were called 

 Vermes cucurbitini ; the cysticerci xaAo^ot (hailstones), later hydatids. Plater (1602) was the 

 first to differentiate Tcenia intcstinorum ( = Bothriocephalus latus) amongst the Lumbrici lati 

 of man from Tcenia longissima ( = Tcenia solium}. The term solium was already used by 

 Arnoldus Villanovanus, who lived.about 1300 ; and, according to him, it signifies "cingulum" 

 (belt, chain), while N. Andry, in 1700, traces this word from "solus," because the worm 

 occurs always singly in man. Leuckart and Krehl derive the word " solium " from the Syrian 

 "schuschl" (the chain), which in Arabian has become " susl " or "sosl," and in Latin has 

 become "sol-ium." What Linnaeus described under the term Tcenia solium was really 

 Tcenia saginata ; the latter was first distinguished by Goeze, but was forgotten until Kiichen- 

 meister, in 1852, again called attention to the differences. 



