T^ENIA BREMNERI 337 



justice so long as the case remained isolated, i.e., in America, as 

 there was the possibility of the corresponding Taenia being found. In 

 this respect, however, the position has changed ; Delore first described 

 a cysticercus the size of a nut from the biceps muscle of the arm of 

 a silk-worker in Lyons ; according to Bertolis this specimen possessed 

 hooks of three different sizes, the dimensions of which corresponded 

 with the figures given by Weinland and Leuckart ; the correctness of 

 the diagnosis could hardly be doubted, as Bertolis was known to be 

 a very exact observer. A second case has become known through 

 Cobbold, who regards a specimen of a cysticercus in Dallinger's 

 collection as likewise belonging to Cysticercus acanthotrias; this 

 specimen also came from a man's brain ; finally a third case, also 

 from France, has been published by Redon. This author, amongst 

 numerous C. cellulosce of a man, found one that had forty-one hooks in 

 three rows, and he was the first to express the opinion that C. acantho- 

 trias does not represent a distinct species, but is only an abnormality 

 of C. celluloses. This view was also taken by Blanchard and Railliet, and 

 is probably correct, as the discovery of the large corresponding Taenia 

 furnished with three rows of hooks is not to be expected in European 

 beasts of prey, and in Redon's case C. acanthotrias as well as C. celluloses 

 occurred simultaneously. 



The duration of life of C. celluloses in man is very long ; cysticerci 

 of the eye have been known to persist for twenty years, and in cysti- 

 cercus of the brain ten to nineteen years may elapse from the first 

 appearance of cerebral symptoms until death. Dead cysticerci may 

 shrivel up or become calcified, perhaps also undergo fatty degeneration 

 and then absorption. Finally, it may be mentioned that if particular 

 proof is required that C. celluloses of man belongs to the cycle of 

 development of the Tcenia solium, such proof has been furnished by 

 Redon. 



NOTE. Tcenia tenella, mentioned on p. 332, was ascribed by Cobbold to 

 cysticerci of the muscular system of sheep. It has, however, been demonstrated 

 that these cysticerci belong to the cycle of development of Tcenia marginata 

 (dog) (Cysticercus tenuicollis, from the omentum of sheep) ; but as already stated ? 

 C. celluloses also occurs in sheep. Chatin himself swallowed the cysticercus, which 

 Cobbold termed C. ovis, without causing a Taenia to develop in his intestine. Miiller 

 also vainly sought to induce infection with C. tenuicollis in his own person. On the 

 other hand, the feeding of a dog with Cysticercus ovis resulted in the production of 

 Tcenia marginata. 



Taenia bremneri, Stephens, 1908. 



Characterized by the large size of the gravid segments. The 

 largest was 32 by 9 mm. Smallest 21 by 6 mm. Average 28-6 by 

 8*5 mm. Mode 21 by 6 mm. Uterine branches twenty-two to 

 22 



