390 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



(3) Beclere chloroforms the worm ; (4) the worm can be more 

 easily removed when all the embryos have been deposited (two to 

 three weeks). 



Cyclop idee. Cephalothorax ovate, clearly separated from abdomen. 

 Anterior antennae of female when bent back scarcely ever stretch 

 beyond the cephalothorax. The second antennae are unbranched. 

 First four pairs of feet two-branched, outer branches three-jointed. 

 The fifth pair of limbs are rudimentary alike in both sexes, usually 

 one-jointed. There is no heart. The female has two egg sacs 

 containing about fifty eggs. 



Genus. Cyclops, Miiller, 1776. 



Mandible palp rudimentary, reduced to a tubercle bearing two 

 branchial filaments. Maxillary palp rudimentary (obsolete). Lower 

 foot-jaw non-prehensile. Head ankylosed to first thoracic segment. 



Family. Filariidae. 

 Sub-family. Filariinae. 



The residue after exclusion of the Arduennince and Onchocercincv. 

 Genus. Filaria, O. Fr. Miiller, 1787. 



Very long, slender Nematodes, without excretory vessels or 

 excretory pore, the males of which are usually considerably smaller 

 than the females. Mouth round, without lips, unarmed. The lateral 

 lines occupy one-sixth of the circumference of body. The tails of the 

 males are bent or spirally rolled, and bear little wing-like appendages. 

 The two spicules are unequal ; almost always there are four pre-anal 

 papillae, but the number of post-anal papillae varies. The vulva is 

 always situated at the anterior extremity. Parasitic chiefly in the serous 

 cavities and in the subcutaneous connective tissue. Insufficiently 

 defined. 



Filaria bancrofti, Cobbold, 1877. 



Syn. : Trichina cystica, Salisbury, 1 1868 (nee Filaria cystica, Rud., 1819); 

 Filaria sanguinis hominis, Lewis, 1872 ; Filaria sanguinis hominis cegyptiaca, 

 Sonsino, 1875; Filaria wiichereri, da Silva Lima; Filaria sanguinis hominum, 

 Hall, 1885; Filaria sanguinis hominis nocturna, Manson, 1891; Filaria nocturna, 

 Manson, 1891. 



These parasites of man were for a long time only known in their larval 

 stage. They were discovered in 1863 in Paris by Demarquay, in the hydrocele 

 fluid of a Havanese emptied by puncture ; they were next observed by Wiicherer, 

 in Bahia, in the urine of twenty-eight cases of tropical chyluria ; they were likewise 

 observed in North America by Salisbury, who gave them the name of Trichina 

 cystica. The next discoveries (in Calcutta, Guadeloupe, and Port Natal) related to 

 chyluria patients, until Lewis discovered the larvae in the blood of man (India), and 



1 C. W. S iles ("American Medicine," 1905, ix, p. 682) is of the opinion that Salisbury's 

 Trichina cystica is identical with Oxyuris vermicularis . 



