ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE 



447 



and lying against the outside of the outer root the lateral nerve 

 papilla. The nerve papillae are thus, as it were, concealed by these 

 roots, and not conspicuous as they are in Necator. Following the 

 ventral curve of the capsule on the inside, posteriorly we next find 

 two triangular ventral lancets. 1 These stand straight up into the 

 capsule on either side of the longitudinal axis, converging at their 

 summits. So that to sum up, the cutting apparatus is entirely 

 ventral, consisting of two pairs of cutting teeth and a pair of lancets. 



Cervical Papilla. Two, one on each side behind the head at the 

 level of the excretory pore. They consist of "pulp," i.e., extensions 

 of the substance of the lateral 

 bands covered by cuticle and 

 supplied with a nerve (fig. 326). 



(Esophageal Glands (3). - 

 The chitin of the triradiate 

 cesophagus is continuous with 

 that of the buccal capsule. In 

 its muscular walls are three 

 glands one dorsal, two sub- 

 ventral. The dorsal gland opens 

 into the buccal cavity through 

 the dorsal ridge ; the two others 

 into the lumen of the ceso- 

 phagus at the nerve ring. They 

 branch freely amidst the muscles 1 

 They are probably digestive in 



function. FIG. 325. Ancylostoma duodenal e : showing 



n ,j j- r^j j / \ T ' ' ventral teeth, dorsal cleft, and behind it the dor- 



Cephalic Glands (2). Lie in sal ridge wit ' h duct of dorsal ^p^eai gland, 

 the lateral lines or bands on x c. 200. (After Looss.) 

 either side. They begin about 



the middle line of the body, and their ducts open at the base of the outer 

 ventral tooth on the surface of the skin on each side. Each is o* 15 mm. 

 thick in the middle, and has a single nucleus about as big as an ancy- 

 lostome egg (A T , fig. 323). They probably function as poison glands. 



Excretory System and Cervical Glands (2). The excretory pore lies 

 in the mid line ventrally behind the cesophageal nerve ring (figs. 

 324 and 326). It opens into the excretory vesicle, a cavity in a large 

 cell with lateral appendages which fuse with the lateral lines, this 

 cell thus forming the "bridge" of the excretory system. Adhering 

 to this (bridge) cell are the spindle-shaped cervical glands (Glc, 

 fig. 324), and branches from the excretory vesicle enter the glands, 

 which are excretory in function ; the vesicle also receives branches 



The ventral lancet (of one side) of Necator is seen in fig. 335. 



