IXODES HOLOCYCLUS 499 



man. Megnin records it from horses in the nymph stage. Amongst 

 its other numerous hosts are goats, cattle, deer, hedgehogs, moles, bats, 

 birds, and lizards. It is usually known as the grass tick and bottle- 

 nosed tick. This species occurs in Europe, Asia, North Africa, and 

 North America. 



[Synonyms. Considerable confusion exists over the name of this 

 and other common ticks, owing to the same species having been 

 described tinder a great many names. Observers have taken the 

 same species on different animals and in various stages to be distinct, 

 and have described them accordingly. 



[The name Ixodes reduvius, Leach, does not stand, as Leach was 

 describing quite a different parasite. The name /. ricinus, Latreille, 

 1806, is now substituted by Neumann and Wheler. 



[The synonyms given by Wheler are as follow : Rednvius, 

 Charleton, 1668 ; Ricinns caninns, Ray, 1710 ; Acarus ricinoides, 

 de Geer, 1778 ; Acarns ricinns, Linnaeus, 1788 ; Cynorhcestes rednvius, 

 Hermann, 1804 ; Cynorhcestes ricinns, Hermann, 1804 ; Ixodes 

 megathyrens, Leach, 1815 ; Ixodes bipnnctatns, Risso, 1826 ; Cynorhcestes 

 hernianni, Risso, 1826; Crotonns ricinns, Dumeril, 1829; Ixodes 

 trabeatns, Audouin, 1832 ; Ixodes plnmbeus, Duges, 1834 ; Ixodes 

 rednvins, Hahn, 1834; Ixodes fnscns, Koch, 1835 (?) J Ixodes lacertce, 

 Koch, 1835 (?) > Ixodes pnstnlaruni, Lucas, 1866 ; Ixodes fodiens, Murray, 

 1877; Ixodes rnfus, Ixodes snlcatns, and Ixodes sciuri, Koch. F. V. T.] 



Ixodes holocyclus, Neumann, 1899. 



[Under the name /. holocyclns, Cleland (Jonrn. Trop.Med. and Hyg., 

 1913, xvi, No. 3, pp. 43-45) says that: " This tick is common in man 

 where there is dense scrub and tropical jungle along the east coast of 

 Australia at certain times of the year. It may cause severe symptoms 

 in children resulting in death." He records a child being attacked in 

 1884 which died, and another case from which 200 ticks were 

 removed, the symptoms being weak heart, collapse, syncope, but the 

 patient recovered under treatment; again, in the same journal 

 (pp. 1 88, 189), the case of a 4^-year-old girl who was bitten showed 

 widespread muscular paralysis, and other cases resembling conium 

 poison. 



[Taylor (Rep. Ent. Anst. Inst. Trop. Med., 1911, p. 21, 1913) 

 refers to this species as the scrub tick of New South Wales. 

 The partially fed female has a dark reddish-yellow scutum and is 

 almost as broad as long, punctations very numerous, equal and 

 confluent in places, long white hairs on the lower half of each coxa. 

 He records it as attacking man commonly, mentioning Kamerunga, 

 Cairns district, Queensland, and Sydney, N.S.W., as localities. 

 F. V. T.] 



