55 2 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



found in Europe. [The number of known Anophelines now is more 100 species 

 of other Culicidas over 700. F. V. T.] According to our present knowledge it 

 appears that the entire genus Anopheles can transmit malaria to man ; this observa- 

 tion has been confirmed in Anopheles claviger, Fabr. ; A. maculipennis, Meig.; 

 A. bifurcalus, L. ; A. superpictus, Grassi ; A. pseudopictus, Gr., all of which are 

 found in Italy, 1 Germany, etc., as well as in the tropics. Moreover, in A. costalis, 

 Loew ; A. funestus, Giles (Africa); A. quadrimaciilatus, Say (North America), and 

 A. rossii, Giles ; the latter is perhaps identical with A. superpictus, Gr., as well as 

 with 'A. culicifacies (India). [Anopheles maculipennis and A. claviger are the same. 

 Certainly neither maculipennis nor bifurcatus has been found in the tropics. 

 Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Say, is the same as A. maculipennis. There is no 



FlG. 390. Anopheles maculipennis^ Meigen. Enlarged. 

 (After Grassi.) 



evidence that all Anophelines carry malaria, but there is much to show that certain 

 species only are capable of so doing. A list of known carriers is given later. 

 F. V. T.] 



Everyone is aware that mosquitoes swarm at sunset in fine weather, and then 

 seek out human beings and other warm-blooded animals to take food. In this 

 regard, however, the sexes differ, for it is almost without exception that the females 

 only suck blood, while the males subsist on the juices of plants (blossoms or fruits). 2 



1 Compare Ficalbi, E., "Vend spec, di zanzare (Culicidce) ital. . .," Bull. Soc. ent. 

 iVa/., 1899, x *xi ; abstracted in Centralbl. f. Bakt., Par. . Infektiomk., 1900, xxviii, p. 397. 



2 Both males and females may be kept alive in captivity for a long time if given fruits, or 

 even only sugar and water. . 



