THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Smaller cylindrical formations at the base of the mouth hooks surrounded by a 

 circle of chitinous hooks. Body from the first segment covered with small brown 

 squamous spines which are disposed in numerous irregular transverse rows. The 

 spines are small over the two first segments, the two posterior thirds of all the 

 segments, as well as from the eighth ; over the third to the seventh they are larger, 

 but between these there are very small spines. The breathing pores of the stigmata 

 at the anterior end are kidney-shaped ; the orifices are elongated and very tortuous, 

 each divided into three. The larval period appears to last several weeks. 



Cordylobia anthropophaga, Gitinberg. 



This well-known cutaneous African parasite seems to have been the cause 

 of much confusion in regard to names. It belongs to the genus Cordylobia 

 of Griinberg, and is one of the family Muscidcc, and differs from Auchmeromyia 

 in that the second abdominal segment of the female is of normal size, whilst 

 in Auchmeromyia it is more than half the length of the whole abdomen, and in the 

 male the eyes are holoptic or close together, whilst in Auchmeromyia they are wide 

 apart. The flies of this genus (three so far described) attack man in their larval 

 stage (anyway two of the three), and also dogs and other animals, by burrowing into 

 the skin and producing painful boils. 



[C. anthropophaga, Griinberg, is widely distributed in Africa, extending from 

 Senegal, where its maggot is known as the "ver de Cayor," and is referred 

 to on p. 590 as Ochromyia anthropophaga, E. Blanchard, to Natal, where it is 

 known as the " Natal worm," and referred to erroneously on p. 591 as Bengalia 

 depressa, Walker. 



[It is a thick-set Muscid of a general straw-yellow colour, with blackish markings 

 on the dorsum of both thorax and abdomen, about 9'5 mm. long. The larva is fat 

 and when mature about 12 mm. long, bluntly pointed in front, truncate behind ; 

 from the third to eleventh segments it is thickly covered with minute recurved 

 spines of a brownish colour, arranged in transverse series of groups of two or more, 

 which form more or less distinct irregular transverse rows. On each of the two 

 posterior stigmatic plates, the respiratory slit on either side of the median one 

 is characteristically curved, resembling an inverted note of interrogation. The 

 puparium is brown to ferruginous or black and about 10 mm. long. The maggots 

 are found in both natives and white men, and occur as a severe pest in dogs, also 

 in monkeys, rats, and other mammals. In Sierra Leone it is called the " tumba 

 fly." The larvae have been frequently found as true subcutaneous parasites, each 

 larva living singly and forming a boil or warble in the skin, with an opening just as in 

 an ox-warble, through which the maggot breathes and eventually escapes. Although 

 they more usually occur as isolated specimens, Marshall found in Salisbury, 

 South Rhodesia, that sixty were extracted from one lady, and Berenger-Feraud, in 

 Senegal, that more than 300 occurred in a single spaniel puppy. 



[Neave (Bull. Ent. Res., 1912, iii, p. 217) records it from ulcers in a native 

 at Louren^o Marques in 1908, and at the same time from ulcers in a dog, and that 

 it is a severe pest to man in Mozambique and parts of the Transvaal. It seems 

 to be more abundant in North Rhodesia and Nyasaland than to the north (Neave. 

 Bull. Ent. Res., 1912, iii, p. 310). It is also recorded in Zanzibar, German East 

 Africa, Uganda, East Tropical Africa (Neave). 



[Simpson (Bull. Ent. Res., iii, p. 170) records a Muscid larva taken from the 

 breast cf a European in South Nigeria that was probably Cordylobia. 



[It is not known how infection takes place. Neave (Bull. Ent. Res., iii, p. 310) 

 says : " Many instances in human beings would preclude the possibility of eggs 



