THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



ascertained. (Doctorow, in Arch, de Par., 1906, x, p. 309 ; Spring, A., 

 in Bull Actul. sci. Belg., 1861 (2), iv, p. 172; Walker, R, in Brit. Med. 

 Jouni., 1870, i, p. 151 ; Kjelgaard, in Ugeskr. f. Laeger, 1904, p. 535 ; 

 Condorelli, M., in Bull. Soc. Zool. Hal, 1904,. xiii, p. 171.) 



Hypoderma lineata, de Villers. 



The larva? of this species, that occurs not only in Europe but in North America, 

 live under similar conditions in the skin, very rarely in man ; also migrating 

 subcutaneously (Topsent in Arch, de Par., 1901, iv, p. 609). 



[In Sweden, the ox warble fly (H. bovis) is well known to attack man. 

 Schoyen states "that over 100 years ago up to the present time cases of travelling 

 grubs under the human skin in some districts of Sweden were well known." 

 The species appeared to be H. bovis, many of which he had examined. They 

 accomplished long ramblings under the skin, always in an upward direction, 

 previous to their appearance through an opening in a tumour on the upper part of 

 the body, on the head, neck, or shoulders. An interesting case is recorded in 

 Insect Life, ii, pp. 238-239. A hot similar to H. diana was taken from the eye 

 and cheek of a child at Kane, McKean County, Pa., U.S.A. It was said 

 to have travelled in five months from the elbow to the eye. Riley later (Insect 

 Life, iv, p. 310) was inclined to think the maggot was that of H. lineata, 

 the common American ox warble, which is also found in Europe in great 

 numbers. I have recorded another case in England (Rept. Econ. Zool. for 

 year ending September 30, 1910, p. 128), where Dr. Menzies removed the larva 

 of H. bovis from the upper eyelid of a patient. It caused considerable swelling 

 of the face, much pain and distress ; but the case did well, and the wound healed 

 at once. The larva was nearly mature. Numerous other references to this 

 so-called creeping disease will be found in the Supplement. 



[It is quite probable that bovis and lineata are confused in the latter accounts. 

 The larvae are, however, easily distinguished if carefully examined. F. V. T.] 



Hypoderma diana, Brauer. 



In its larval stage it lives like other species of Hypoderma, attacking the red 

 deer (Cervas elaphas] and roe deer (Cervas capreolus) ; it is occasionally also found 

 in man (Joseph, in " Myiasis externa dermatosa," Hamburg, 1800; Volkel, in 

 BerL klin. Wochemchr., 1883, xx > p. 209). 



Genus. Dermatobia, Brauer. 

 Dermatobia cyan iventris, Macq. 



Syn.: Dermatcbia noxialis, J. Goudot. 



The genus Dermatobia represents the subcutaneous Oestrida of Europe in 

 warmer parts of America. Both domesticated and wild mammals are attacked, 

 according to one statement birds also (Ramphastus), and man with fair frequency. 1 

 It is assumed that in all cases one and the same species is concerned, for which 

 recently a name originating from C. Linne, jun. (Oestrus hominis], has been 

 employed. Three larval stages are recognized in the skin ; the two first appear to 



Duprey advances the opinion that Dermatobia deposits its eggs not only on the skin of man 

 and animals, but also on the leaves and twigs in the bush, where, too, young larva have been 

 met with which gain access from hence to men and animals (Journ. Trap. Med. and Hyg., 1906). 



