SPECIES OF GLOSSINA 



605 



[These puparia are often found in masses at the base of trees, in hollows in trees 

 and rocks just buried under vegetal debris. These insects are generally confined 

 to definite tracts known as " fly-belts." They usually occur in damp, hot places on 

 the borders of rivers and lakes, and never far from water in the case of the palpali s 

 group, although others of the morsitans group may be found a considerable distance 

 from water. They are usually absent on grass plains, but may now and then occur 

 there (Kinghorn, vide Hindles' " Flies and Disease, Blood-sucking Flies," 1914, 

 p. 274) ; cover of trees, shrubs, or thick reeds is essential to them. 



[Their range in Africa extends roughly from 18 N. to 31 S. 



\Glossina palpalis is the chief carrier of the more prevalent type of sleeping 

 sickness. Two distinct types of parasites can produce this disease, viz., Trypano- 

 soma gambiense, which produces the ordinary sleeping sickness, transmitted by 

 G. palpalis, and Trypanosoina rhodesiense the Rhodesian or Nyasaland sleeping 

 sickness, transmitted by G, morsitans, and possibly identical with T. brucei, the 

 parasite of N'agana. Koch has also shown that G. pallidipes, Austen, and G.fusca, 

 Walker, can be artificially infected with the human trypanosome. It appears 

 probable that Koch used G. brevipalpis, not G. fusca, in his transmission experi- 

 ments, as at that time fusca included nearly all the large tsetses, but brevipalpis 

 is its Eastern representative. 



[A TABLE OF SPECIES (modified after Austen) is appended here : 



I. 



Glossina palpalis GROUP. 



1. Dorsum of abdomen ochraceous buff or buff; third 



and following segments exhibiting sharply defined, 

 dark brown or clove brown, interrupted transverse 

 bands ... ... ... ... ... ... ... tachinoides, Westwood. 



Dorsum of abdomen not so marked ... ... ... 2. 



2. Third joint of antennas pale (cream buff to ochraceous 



buff), clothed with long and fine hair, forming 

 a conspicuous fringe on front and hind margins pallicera, Bigot. 

 Third joint of antennas entirely dark (mouse-grey) 

 except at extreme base on outer side, and without 

 a conspicuous fringe of long and fine hair ... 3. 



3. Dorsal surface of abdomen dark sepia brown ; 



median paler area on second segment broad, and 

 more or less quadrate or irregular in outline ; 

 hypopygium of $ buff or ochraceous buff 

 Dorsal surface of abdomen blackish-brown ; median 

 paler area cuneate (i.e., triangular in outline) ; 

 hypopygium of $ grey 



caliginea, Austen. 



palpalis, Rob. Desv. 



II. 



Glossina morsitans GROUP. 



Hind tarsi entirely dark ; small slender species ; 

 abdomen bright ochreous or reddish ochreous 

 with dark lateral markings 



Hind tarsi not entirely dark ; abdomen drab-grey, 

 buff or ochreous buff with conspicuous dark 

 interrupted transverse bands 



austenii, Newstead. 



2. 



