624 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



(i) Mello-Leitao 1 (1913), writing from Rio de Janeiro, states that 

 there is a primary flagellate dysentery, due to Trichomonas intestinalis 

 (Leuckart) and to Lamblia intestinalis (Lambl), either separately or in 

 combination. He considers it a benign disease, and the most frequent 

 form of dysentery in young children. Trichomonas and Lamblia 

 were found to be pathogenic to children under 3 years of age. 



Escomel 2 (1913) collected 152 cases of dysentery in Peru due 

 solely to Trichomonas. Examination of the reservoirs containing 

 the water used for drinking purposes showed the presence of Tricho- 

 monas. After the reservoirs were cleaned no more Trichomonas was 

 found and the cases of dysentery ceased. 



Brumpt 8 (1912) described a colitis due to Trichomonas intestinalis 

 in a patient returned from Tonkin. 



Cases of infection by Chilomastix (Tetramitns) mesnili, with colitis 

 or dysenteric symptoms, are recorded by Brumpt (1912) from France, 

 and by Nattan-Larfier 4 (1912) from the Ivory Coast respectively. 



Marques da Cunha and Torres 5 (1914) describe five cases of 

 chronic diarrhoea in Brazilian children due to the Chilomastix 

 (Tetrauiitus). 



Gabel 6 (1914) described a case of seasonal diarrhcea contracted in 

 Tunis and caused by a Tetramitid parasite which he named Difanins 

 tiinensis, as the discoverer considered that it lacked an undulating 

 membrane in its large cytostome. 



Derrieu and Raynaud 7 (1914) record a case of chronic dysentery 

 in Algeria due to a Trichomonad possessing an undulating membrane 

 and five free flagella. The parasite was named Hexamastix ardin- 

 deltcili, but the generic name Hexamastix is pre-occupied. Chatterjee's 

 Pentatrichomonas bengalensls (1915) is possibly the same organism. 



Treatment. Escomel (1913), finding ipecacuanha and calomel 

 useless, recommends turpentine for Trichomonad dysentery. Two to 

 4 grm. of essence of turpentine in an emulsion are given by the mouth, 

 and enemata containing 15 to 20 drops of turpentine emulsified in 

 the yolk of an egg to which is added a little water and tincture of 

 opium. Derrieu and Raynaud found this treatment effective in Algeria. 

 Smithies 8 (1912) reports two cures of cases of severe dyspepsia, in 

 which Trichomonads were found in the stomach contents, after 

 administration of a single dose of 50 to 60 gr. of thymol, given at 

 bed-time, together with 2 gr. of calomel, and followed by an ounce 

 of Carlsbad salts in the morning. The patients came from the 



1 Brit, fount. Children's Diseases, x, p. 60. 

 - Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vi, p. 120. 3 Ibid., v, p. 725. 



4 Ibid., v, p. 495. 5 Brazil Medico, xxviii, p. 269. 



6 Arch.f. Protistenkunde, xxxiv, p. I. 7 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p. 571. 



8 Anier. fotirn. Me.i. Set'., cxliv, p. 82. 



