650 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



of meningitis, but which is caused by the metabolic products of 

 A scar i da. 



Schupfer, 1 Dnprey 2 (observations in the West Indies, where such 

 symptoms are said to be of very frequent occurrence), Naab 3 (the flow 

 of water from the mouth at night is mentioned as a remarkable fact), 

 and Hammiss* assume the action of an Ascaris toxin in the clinical 

 observations made by them, mostly children with fever and intestinal 

 symptoms. Schupfer assumes in such cases, as he observed it once 

 in a man, aged 23, that the disease termed Lombricoise a forme typhoide 

 by Chauffard was due to B. coll of marked virulence due to the 

 action of the Ascaridcv. The Widal reaction was negative. Koneff 5 

 reports a case in which acute attacks of cramp, trismus, and rigidity 

 of the pupil disappeared after expulsion of seven Ascaridce. Tetanus, 

 as observed by Buchholz 6 in a girl, aged 17, and rapidly cured after 

 expulsion of sixteen Ascaridce, is manifestly rare, since only Rose 7 

 mentions this as a cause in his article on Tetanus. Only a few 

 experimental data exist. Cattaneo 8 could detect only a very weak 

 toxin in Ascaris, while Messineo, 9 by injecting into animals extracts 

 in physiological salt solution, invariably succeeded in producing serious 

 motor disturbances and frequently death. Interesting also are the 

 observations of Huber, 10 who, after working with Ascaridce, suffered 

 from itching of the head and neck, blisters, swelling of the ear, con- 

 junctivitis, ecchymosis and troublesome palpitation in the head. He 

 consequently assumes that Ascaridtv can induce irritation by chemical 

 (toxic) means. 



In the case of Triclioceplialns dispar no more than in the case of 

 Ascaris lumbricoides can we speak with certainty of a toxic effect, even 

 though a number of observations are available which might justify 

 such an assumption as regards these intestinal parasites. Earth 11 found 

 the brain normal in a man who had d ed with meningitic symptoms, 

 but the intestines were full of Triclioceplialns dispar; Gibson 12 records 

 the rapid cure of serious cerebral symptoms after expulsion of Tricho- 

 cephalns, so also Pascal, 13 Burchhardt 14 and Rippe. 15 Moosbrug^er 16 



Schupfer, Gaz. d. Osf. 1901. . 2 Duprey, Lancet, 1903. 



3 Naab, Munch. meJ. Wochenschr., 1902. 



4 Hammiss, IViai. vied. Wochenschr., 1904, iii. 



5 Koneff, quoted by Liesen, " Dissert. Bonn," 1904. 



6 Buchholz, Norsk. Mag. for Lcige, 1903. 



1 Rose, Billroth and Pitha, " Chirurgie." * Cattaneo, Arch.f. Kinder heilk., xliv. 

 9 Messineo. Giorn. med. del regio eserc. , 1905. 



10 Huber, Deutsch. Arch.f. kiin. Med., 1870, vii. 



11 Earth, reported by Vnlleix, Paris, 1845. '' Gibson, Lancet, 1862. 



13 Pascal, quoted by Kahane, Korrespondenzbl. f. Sc/nceizer Aerzte, 1907, viii. 



" Burchhardt, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1880. 



15 Rippe, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1907, i. 



1B Moosbrugger, Med. Correspondenzbl. f. Wurltemberg, 1890. 



