658 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



infection through the injury they inflict on the mucosa (Guiart, 1 

 Blanchard, 2 Vivaldi and Tonello 3 ) must not be summarily rejected. 

 Vivaldi and Tonello found helminthes in 80 per cent, of their 

 typhoid patients, numbering among these Trichoccphalus dispar, 

 Oxyuris vennicularis, Ancylostouta duo den ale, and Ascaridce. The 

 report of Leuckart 4 is here worth citing, to the effect that Thiebault 

 never failed to find Trichocephalus in his cholera patients at Naples. 

 Blanchard 5 goes so far as to express the desire that in every febrile 

 affection of the intestine an anthelmintic treatment with thymol 

 should be undertaken as early as possible, even before learning the 

 results of serum diagnosis. 



The lesions of the liver and pancreas due to Ascarldcv are briefly 

 discussed in the chapter on Ascariasis (p. 687). 



A discussion of the intestinal helminthes from the clinical and 

 therapeutical point of view follows these general considerations. 



Dibothriocephalus latus. 



From what is known as to the development of Dibotlirioceplialus 

 latus, the way by which man is infected is self-evident : infection 

 can only take place through the ingestion of insufficiently cooked 

 fresh-water fish (pike, burbot, perch, grayling and vendace) ; what 

 degree of temperature is necessary to kill the larval forms is still 

 unknown. Dibothriocephalus latus lives in the small intestine of man, 

 alone or in some numbers, frequently also together with Tcenia soliiiui. 

 The proglottides are passed always united in large pieces, the ova are 

 deposited through the uterine pore, while the worm is still in the 

 intestine, so that they are easily found in the faeces. The proglottides 

 are so characteristic that they cannot be. confused with those of other 

 species. In reference to whether age or sex is spared by Z). latus, 

 it is not possible to make any definite statement, especially so far 

 as the endemic area is concerned, whether a person resides n it 

 continuously or visits it, so long as his habit of life is in accordance 

 with those of the country. Bendix 6 certainly emphasizes the fact 

 that early childhood is as a rule immune : his case was that of 

 a child, aged 4^ years. 



1 Guiart, Compt. rend. Soc. de BioL, Paris, March 16, 1901. 



2 Blanchard, Arch. d. Par., 1901. 



3 Vivaldi and Tonello, Gaz. d. Osp., October 29, 1905. 



4 Leuckart, quoted by Kahane. 5 Blanchard, Acad. de Med., October 18, 1904. 

 c Bendix, Verein f. inncre MeJ., Berlin, June 16, 1902. 



