660 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



some further cases have come to light, so that the number now 

 observed amounts to ninety, and among them only eight adults. 

 The youngest child was 6 weeks old (Kohl 1 ), in which the first pro- 

 glottides were passed when the child was 40 days old. This pre- 

 ponderating occurrence in children is clearly connected with the 

 close intercourse between children and dogs, and also cats. Bollinger 

 believes that D. caninum in reality occurs more frequently in adults 

 than has hitherto been supposed. In addition, it must be mentioned 

 that this species is quite unknown to many physicians, and is 

 occasionally confused with Twnia soliinn. One notices almost daily 

 a large quantity of cucumber-seed-like bodies, reddish or whitish- 

 grey, about i cm. long and 2 mm. broad, discharged with the stools. 

 Lindblad 2 remarks that these bodies have lively movements, that they 

 perish rapidly in fresh water, and become white and smooth. These 

 Cestodes, in isolated cases, are parasitic in the intestine in large 

 numbers. Sonnenschein 3 expelled four fragments in the case of a 

 boy, aged 4 months ; Asam 4 three fragments in the case of a child, aged 

 19 months ; and Zschokke 5 as many as five or six in that of a boy, 

 aged 4. They do not always produce such striking symptoms as 

 occurred in Pollak's case. 6 In other cases gastro-intestinal dis- 

 turbances with or without fever (Kruger 7 ), emaciation (Zschokke), 

 or even nervous symptoms of central origin in the form of con- 

 vulsions (Brandt 8 ) have been observed. From the nature and mode 

 of infection children must be kept from close contact with dogs and 

 cats as much as possible to ensure prophylaxis. The appropriate 

 treatment, as it mainly affects children, deserves special mention, 

 whilst the expulsion of the remaining Cestodes may be described in 

 this connection. Among the drugs one may mention flor. kousso 

 ro grm., pulpa tamar. depur. 2 grm., syrup of sugar 50-0 grm., one- 

 third to be taken every hour (Lindblad). Kamala appears to have no 

 effect, although Huber 9 recommends it in small doses according to 

 age from 0*5 to 3 - o grm. He warns against Filix mas preparations, 

 which otherwise, even in early childhood, under careful dosage gives the 

 best results. Young children are given ro to 2-0 grm. extr. fil. maris, 

 with mint syrup or raspberry syrup 30*0 grm., in the morning twice an 

 hour by the mouth, or ro grm. extr. fil. maris is mixed with syrup 



Kohl, Munch, med. Wochenschr., 1904. 2 Lindblad, Hygiea, xlv. 



Sonnenschein, Milnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 



Asam, Munch, med. Wochenschr., 1903. 



Zs-hokke, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1905. 



Pollak, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1907. 



Kriiger, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1887. 



Brandt, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1889. 



Huber, suppl. to Asam, Munch, med. Wochenschr. , 1903. 



