700 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Schmolitschew 1 is an interesting one ; it was that of a woman who 

 for four days had suffered from violent haemoptysis, the cause of 

 which was a leech that was fixed on the laryngeal wall of the epiglottis 

 close above the vocal cords. In his case (that of a soldier), Godet 2 

 was forced to perform thyrotomy to remove the leech from the larynx. 

 Ficano 3 removed a live leech with the forceps from the lower 

 laryngeal cavity in a man, aged 30. Massei 4 reports a similar case. 

 The case reported by Winternitz and Karbinski 5 was that of a 

 peasant girl, aged 16, who suffered from coughing, hoarseness, and 

 blood-stained expectoration ; a leech had lodged on the root of the 

 epiglottis. Aubert 6 removed a leech from the larynx of a woman 

 after the performance of tracheotomy. Seifert 7 reports three cases : 

 in the first the leech had become fixed to the left vocal cord, in the 

 second it was found in the lower laryngeal cavity, and in the third 

 on the border of the left ligamentum aryepiglotticum. Leone 8 has 

 published the case of a leech in the larynx, Martin 9 two cases with 

 the leech lodged in the lower laryngeal cavity, Berthoud 10 a similar 

 case, Palazzolo 11 two such cases, Panzat 12 one case (lower laryngeal 

 cavity). Moucharinski 13 reports a case in which the leech had stayed 

 more than twenty days in the larynx. Martin 1 * easily removed a 

 leech from the posterior portion of the vocal cord with the forceps. 

 Vieus and Nepeon 15 record a case of a leech in the larynx. It is 

 quite exceptional for leeches to gain access to the trachea ; cases of 

 this kind have been recorded by Aubert, 16 Vicano, 17 Ridola 18 and 

 Tapin 19 (the leech was firmly fixed to the bifurcation and caused 

 coughing, haemoptysis and attacks of asphyxia ; it was easily removed 

 by the aid of a tracheal tube). Now and then leeches are found in 

 the nose. 



Lusitanus 20 relates the case of a man who suffered from severe 

 headaches. A medical man ordered the application of a leech to the 

 anterior portion of the nostril. Owing to the carelessness of the 



1 Schmolitschew, Wratsch, 1884. 



2 Godet, Arch, de Med. et Pharm. milit., 1887. 



3 Ficano, Rev. de Laryng., 1890. 4 Massei, Int. fourn. of Laryng., 1890. 



5 Winternitz and Karbinski, Prag. med. Wochenschr., 1890. 



6 Aubert, Echo med., 1891. 7 Seifert, Rev. de Laryng., 1893. 

 8 Leone, Boll. del. mal. del? orecchio, etc.) 1892. 



Martin, Arch, de Med. et Pharm. mi/it., 1891. 



10 Berthoud, ibid., 1893. " Palazzolo, Boll. del. mal. delf orecchio, 1895. 



12 Panzat, Arch, de M6d. et Pharm. milit., 1896. 

 IS Moucharinski, Wratsch, 1896. 



14 Martin, Rev. barcelon de enf. de oido, 1906. 



15 Vieus and Nepeon, Monatsschr. f. Ohrenheilk. , 1884. 



16 Aubert, Echo med., October 12, 1891. 



17 Vicano, Boll. del. mal. delV ortcchio, etc., 1892, ix. 



18 Ridola, Arch. ital. di Laryng., 1894, ii. 19 Tapin, Siglo med., March 16, 1907. 

 20 Lusitanus, see Seifert in Heymann's " Handb.," p. 599. 



